science

2. Activity: Any earthquake, tremor, or underground wave movement happening in a specific area.
6. The shaking of Earth's surface caused by a sudden release of energy in the crust along a fault.
9. Boundary A place where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, causing earthquakes (like the San Andreas Fault).
12. Plate: A massive, rigid slab of Earth's lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) that slowly moves around the planet.
13. Floor Spreading: The process where new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates pull apart, pushing older crust outward.
14. An opening in Earth's crust where molten rock, gas, and ash erupt onto the surface.
15. Boundary A place where two tectonic plates collide or crash into each other, forming mountains, deep trenches, or volcanoes.
16. Boundary: A place where two tectonic plates pull apart or separate from each other.
18. Molten (melted) rock located underneath Earth’s surface.
20. The giant supercontinent that existed about 200 million years ago before breaking apart into the continents we have today.
21. Ridge: A giant underwater mountain range formed where tectonic plates are pulling apart.
22. Earth's thin, solid, outermost rocky shell.

1. Trenches: Long, extremely deep and narrow valleys on the ocean floor created where one tectonic plate dives under another.
3. Drift Theory: Alfred Wegener’s idea that all of Earth's continents were once joined together in a single supercontinent and have slowly drifted apart over millions of years.
4. The process where a denser oceanic plate slides underneath a lighter continental or oceanic plate and sinks down into the mantle. Ring of Fire: A horseshoe-shaped ring around the Pacific Ocean known for having a massive number of earthquakes and active volcanoes.
5. Crust: The thick, less dense, older type of crust that makes up the continents (mostly granite).
7. An unusually hot area deep within Earth's mantle where magma melts through the plate above it to form volcanoes (like the Hawaiian Islands).
8. The transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluid or semi-solid rock (used interchangeably with convection currents in plate tectonics)
10. Crust: The thin, dense, younger type of crust that makes up the ocean floor (mostly basalt).
11. Current: A circular motion in the mantle where hot, less dense rock rises, cools down at the top, becomes denser, and sinks back down—acting like a slow-moving conveyor belt for tectonic plates.
17. Molten rock that has broken through to Earth's surface.
19. The thick, hot layer of Earth located directly below the crust and above the core.