Science and Technology - Key Concepts (Nature of Science, Science vs. Religion and Profit motivation)

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  1. 3. While the reliability of science can be affected by human ________, scientific methods such as peer review, replication and falsification help to identify and correct them over time.
  2. 7. __________ is an early theory of evolution replaced by Darwinism, which theorizes organisms could acquire characteristics during their lifetime and pass these acquired traits to their offspring.
  3. 8. Science seeks to understand and __________ how the physical world work, but technology seeks to apply science to solve problems.
  4. 9. Creation and ____________ need not necessarily conflict if religious creation is understood as explaining the ultimate origin and purpose of life, while _____________________ explains the empirical process through which life develops.
  5. 11. Privately funded research often neglect ____________ diseases like malaria that afflicts the poor, when low commercial returns make research less profitable.
  6. 14. Science relies primarily on observable and testable evidence, while religion may rely on ______, revelation and spiritual authority for beliefs that cannot necessarily be empirically verified.
  7. 15. Science and religion conflicts because they represent different methods of acquiring ____________.
  8. 16. Private funding may lead to the neglect of _______ research, limiting fundamental discoveries that could underpin future scientific breakthroughs.
  9. 17. Religion may offer inconsistent answers across denominations, unlike science. However, this does not make religion less valid, as it addresses questions of meaning, morality and purpose that may not have a single _________ answer.
  10. 19. Francis Collins is a Christian geneticist who led the Human Genome Project and he believes that religion serves a moral _________ to guide science.
Down
  1. 1. Contradictions do not necessarily undermine the reliability of science; they can strengthen it by driving the process of ______________, through which existing theories are continually tested and revised in light of new evidence
  2. 2. While private funding can drive scientific innovation and __________ to have breakthroughs, profit motives may compromise research objectivity and cause public interest to be neglected.
  3. 4. Scientific knowledge is ________________, not absolute, but science can still be reliable precisely because it undergoes an ongoing inquiry.
  4. 5. In 2015, Turing Pharmaceuticals, led by Martin Shkreli, acquired the rights to _____________ , a drug used to treat toxoplasmosis, particularly important for immunocompromised patients. The company raised the US price from US$13.50 to US$750 per tablet.
  5. 6. ____________ revolution is an example of how scientific model undergoes changes when new evidence emerge, illustrated by the move from a geocentric to heliocentric model.
  6. 10. Non-overlapping Magisteria by Stephen Jay Gould is the concept where science and religion can coexist because they address different __________: science primarily explains the natural world, while religion addresses questions of meaning, morality and purpose.
  7. 12. Science is reliable because scientific knowledge is _______________: scientists build upon, refine and challenge existing theories using new evidence and discoveries.
  8. 13. Public funding can promote wider sharing of scientific knowledge, while private research may restrict access through_________ to protect commercial returns.
  9. 18. Science is reliable because of its __________ nature — scientific claims are based on observable, measurable and testable evidence, rather than solely on personal beliefs, intuition or authority.