science study

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Across
  1. 2. land given by a lord to a vassal in return for military and other services
  2. 5. a serious crime of the Middle Ages in which a person held beliefs that the church felt were wrong; heretics were excommunicated
  3. 7. a clergyman of the Christian church; in medieval times, almost every manor had a priest
  4. 10. a contest or joust between two knights or two groups of knights; tournaments attracted large crowds
  5. 12. a large piece of land owned by a lord during the Middle Ages, also called an estate
  6. 14. a well-to-do noble who owned an estate; a lord usually lived in a castle, gave land to vassals in return for military service, and used serfs to farm his land ,
  7. 15. Ages a period of several hundred years during the early Middle Ages when fear and confusion spread among the people of Western Europe; the threat of attack led many people to become serfs who worked for lords on manors in exchange for protection; trade, education, and the growth of towns declined during the Dark Ages
  8. 19. an official of the church, such as a priest, bishop, or cardinal
  9. 21. wandering minstrels who wrote poems that usually expressed love for a beautiful lady of noble birth; they also wrote about warfare and battle heroes
  10. 22. a noble who was given land by a lord in return for military and other service to the lord
  11. 24. a class of rich people; nobles or lords
  12. 25. a man who gave up all his property and dedicated his life to serving God; monks stayed in monasteries where they prayed, worked hard, and lived quiet, serious lives; they copied old Greek and Roman manuscripts, helped the poor and needy, and converted people to Christianity
  13. 29. building where monks lived; the head of the monastery was called an abbot
  14. 30. or feudal system arrangement between lord, vassal,and serf for ownership of land military service, and protection during the Middle Ages
  15. 31. qualities of a good knight, including bravery, politeness, respect for. women, protection of the weak, and fairness to the enemy
  16. 33. singers and musicians who entertained lords during the Middle Ages; they played harps, guitars, and flutes
  17. 34. Period began with the fall of the Roman Empire in the West in 476 and ended with the beginning of the modern period in the 1400s; main characteristics of the Medieval Period were the growth of feudalism and the strong influence of the Roman Catholic Church
Down
  1. 1. the head of the Roman Catholic Church; chosen at a meeting of cardinals
  2. 3. a large piece of land owned by a lord during the Middle Ages; same as a manor
  3. 4. holy man who travelled from place to place helping the poor and needy while teaching the ways of God
  4. 6. the act of removing a person from membership in the church because of cation wrongful actions or beliefs—that an excommunicated person would not be allowed into heaven
  5. 8. clowns who appeared before a lord and tried to make him laugh with humorous words and actions
  6. 9. Church people of the Middle Ages believed it represented God's rules and teachings; religion was so important during medieval times that the period was known as the "Age of Faith"
  7. 11. poor people who worked on manors; also called serfs
  8. 13. a man of honour who held a high military rank; only men who were trained in warfare and who showed good personal qualities were chosen by lords to be knights; the code of chivalry was to be followed at all times
  9. 16. a contest between two knights on horseback; armed with lances, the knights charged at each other in an attempt to knock their opponents off their horses
  10. 17. poor people who worked for lords during the Middle Ages; they worked long hours, were poorly fed and clothed, and were not allowed to leave the manor i
  11. 18. a court set up by the Roman Catholic Church to investigate heresy and punish heretics
  12. 20. & deep, wide, water-filled ditch that surrounded a castle and helped protect it from attack; people coming and going from the castle used a drawbridge to cross the moat
  13. 23. pieces of iron worn by a knight for protection in battle
  14. 26. a person who rules a country; during the early Middle Ages, the inluence of kings decreased as the power of lords increased; by the end of the Middle Ages, kings became powerful rulers of new nation-states
  15. 27. a high official of the Catholic Church who was appointed by the Pope; when a Pope died, a new leader of the Church was chosen by a meeting of cardinals
  16. 28. expeditions sent by the Pope to capture the Holy Land from Muslim Turks; the empire of the Turks included Palestine, where Christ was born, several crusades between 1096 and 1272 failed to win the Holy Land, but succeeded in increasing trade between Europe and the East
  17. 31. where the lord and his knights lived; usually built on a cliff or hilltop to make it easier to defend against attack
  18. 32. a church official who oversaw the work of priests within his district