science

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Across
  1. 3. square / The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach. The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.
  2. 5. / Alternative forms of a given gene are called alleles, and they can be dominant or recessive. When an individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive, they are homozygous. Heterozygous means having one each of two different alleles.
  3. 7. / the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
  4. 8. / the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
  5. 9. / A form of dominance in which the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed thereby resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.
  6. 10. / a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.
  7. 13. / the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
  8. 14. allele / an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical.
  9. 15. / one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
  10. 16. / the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule (a hybrid of a donkey and a horse).
  11. 17. inheritance / polygenic inheritance (multifactorial inheritance; quantitative inheritance) The determination of a particular characteristic, e.g. height or skin colour, by many genes (polygenes), each having a small effect individually. Characteristics controlled in this way show continuous variation.
  12. 18. / (of an animal) bred from parents of the same breed or variety.
Down
  1. 1. dominance / incomplete dominance n. A heterozygous condition in which both alleles at a gene locus are partially expressed and which often produces an intermediate phenotype.
  2. 2. allele / an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different.
  3. 4. alleles / multiple alleles Three or more alternative forms of a gene (alleles) that can occupy the same locus. However, only two of the alleles can be present in a single organism.
  4. 6. / the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
  5. 7. / a probable or the most probable event.
  6. 8. / (in informal use) a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
  7. 11. / The genetics term heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different. Like all words with the prefix hetero, this has to do with things that are different — specifically genes. ... If you inherited the same gene from both parents, it's homozygous — the same.
  8. 12. / the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.