Scientific Methods in Psychology

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Across
  1. 2. _______ definition: Procedures or operations that specify how to manipulate or measure a construct
  2. 5. ______ validity: The extent to which causal statements about the relations among variables can be made
  3. 6. A good theory explains how variables relate to one another
  4. 9. A phenomenon studied by psychologists might not literally exist.
  5. 10. ______ empiricism: Denies existence unless you can directly observe something
  6. 12. A good theory must be able to make predictions that are open to empirical refutation
  7. 14. ______ reasoning: If the premises are true (valid), then the conclusion is valid (General to Specific)
  8. 15. "A testable prediction about how the world will behave if a theory is correct" (OpenStax, 2079).
  9. 17. ____ statement: Vague, general statements about personality that seem specifically unique to an individual
  10. 18. ______ variable: An element in the experiment being measured or observed Independent
  11. 20. Similarity-Uniqueness ______: Everything has infinite similarities and differences
  12. 22. Knowledge is developed through observation
  13. 23. ______ fallacy: Mistaking the name of a phenomenon for an explanation
Down
  1. 1. An element in the experiment being manipulated Behavioural variables - Any observable response of an organism
  2. 3. ______ validity: The extent to which the findings of a study can be generalised beyond the study itself
  3. 4. A system of theories, assumptions, and methods incorrectly regarded as scientific (aka false science)
  4. 7. Must make specific, testable predictions that are confirmed by observation
  5. 8. ______ empiricism: Accepts the existence of concepts via indirect observation
  6. 11. A good theory is no more complex than it needs to be to explain behaviour (Simple)
  7. 13. ______ reasoning: If it's true in a particular situation, assume it is true in general (Specific to General)
  8. 16. "a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena" (OpenStax, 2079)
  9. 19. _______ variables: (subject variables) Characteristics of an organism that can be used to classify the organism for research purposes
  10. 21. _______ variables: Environmental factors that have actual or potential effects on behavioural variables