scientific processes

5. a trial run of research with a small number of p's allow researchers to make necessary adjustments and to save wasting valuable resources
9. p's are selected in a systematic way from the target population
13. the validity of a study outside the research situation and the extent to which the findings can be generalised
15. a research method in which psychologists watch people's behaviour but remain inconspicuous and do nothing to change or interfere with it
16. p's volunteer to participate

1. having the names of the target population and giving everyone an equal chance of being selected
2. a general statement of the purpose of the study
3. whether, in an observational study, if several observers are coding behaviour, their codings or ratings agree with each other
4. a statement of no difference or of no correlation - the iv does not affect the dv
6. designed to protect the well-being and dignity of research p's
7. these arise from p's doing the same task twice because the second time they may be better than the first time as they have had a practice
8. when people are aware that they are being studied
10. a way of controlling for order effects by having half the p's complete condition a followed by conditino b; the other p's complete condition b followed by condition a
11. the same group of p's is used in each of the conditions
12. asking whoever whoever is available and willing to participate
14. the extent to which a technique measures what it is supposed to measure
17. the sample is amde in proportion to the types of people in the population