Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

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Across
  1. 4. Galilei Italian scientist, published “Starry Messenger” and “Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems”, he supported theories of Copernicus, Pope summoned him to Rome and he stood before the Inquisition
  2. 5. English scientist, he studied mathematics and physics at Cambridge University, he created the 3 laws of motion, published “The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”(one of the most important scientific book)
  3. 7. relating to a simple, elegant style (based on ideas and themes from ancient Greece and Rome) that characterized the arts in Europe during the late 1700s.
  4. 8. created a large set of books, Encyclopedia, to which many leading scholars of Europe contributed articles and essays, he continued publishing the Encyclopedia even though it angered French gov’t and Catholic Church
  5. 9. urged women to enter the male-dominated fields of medicine and politics. women’s education shouldn’t be secondary to men’s; women need education to become virtuous and useful
  6. 12. believed that people could learn from experience and improve themselves. criticized absolute monarchy. favored the idea of self-government. his theory had a big influence on modern political thinking.
  7. 14. relating to a grand, ornate style that characterized European painting, music, and architecture in the 1600s and early 1700s.
  8. 17. she ruled Russia with absolute authority but sought to reform Russia, she gave nobles absolute power over the serfs, her armies won control of the northern shore of the Black Sea, expanded Russia into Poland
  9. 18. a social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment.
  10. 19. the theory that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.
  11. 21. an 18th-century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society.
  12. 22. devoted himself to the study of political liberty. proposed separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of the government
Down
  1. 1. one of a group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment.
  2. 2. one of the 18th century European monarchs who was inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects.
  3. 3. a major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.
  4. 6. real name François Marie Arouet, published more than 70 books of political essays, philosophies, dramas; made targets of the clergy, aristocracy, government. sent to prison twice,exiled to England for more than two years. never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious beliefs, freedom of speech
  5. 10. He developed analytical geometry(combination of algebra and geometry), he relied on mathematics and logic, he believed everything should be doubted until it is proven by reason
  6. 11. English statesman and writer, he urged scientists to use the experimental method, believed by better understanding of the world, scientists would generate practical knowledge that would improve people’s lives
  7. 13. the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government.
  8. 15. a logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world, in which experimentation and observation are used to test hypotheses.
  9. 16. Theory in the Middle Ages, the earth-centered idea of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe.
  10. 20. committed to individual freedom. argued that civilization corrupted people’s natural goodness. believed that only good gov’t was one freely formed by the people and guided by the ‘general will’ of society(direct democracy)