Scientific Revolution/Enlightenment/Absolutism

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Across
  1. 2. A European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.
  2. 5. The philosophes were the intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.
  3. 6. reasoning from detailed facts to general principles
  4. 9. a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.
  5. 11. The scientific revolution was the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, and chemistry transformed views of society and nature.
  6. 12. a reception room in a large house.
  7. 13. Absolute monarchy is a monarchial form of government in which the monarch exercises ultimate governing authority as head of state and head of government; his or her powers are not limited by a constitution or by the law
  8. 14. In astronomy, the geocentric model, is a description of the cosmos where Earth is at the orbital center of all celestial bodies. This model served as the predominant cosmological system in many ancient civilizations such as ancient Greece
  9. 16. Heliocentrism, or heliocentricism, is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around a relatively stationary Sun at the center of the Solar System. The word comes from the Greek. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center.
  10. 19. relating to or denoting a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail. In architecture the period is exemplified by the palace of Versailles and by the work of Bernini in Italy. Major composers include Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel; Caravaggio and Rubens are important baroque artists.
  11. 20. an emperor of Russia before 1917."Tsar Nicholas II", a South Slave ruler in former times, esp. one reigning over Serbia in the 14th century. A person appointed by government to advise on and coordinate policy in a particular area.
  12. 21. a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.
  13. 22. a French Protestant of the 16th–17th centuries. Largely Calvinist, the Huguenots suffered severe persecution at the hands of the Catholic majority, and many thousands emigrated from France.
Down
  1. 1. a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.
  2. 3. a ruler or other person who holds absolute power, typically one who exercises it in a cruel or oppressive way
  3. 4. Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the guidelines of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified, or blended constitution
  4. 7. right the doctrine that kings derive their right to rule directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects; rebellion is the worst of political crimes; "the doctrine of the divine right of kings was enunciated by the Stuarts in Britain in the 16th century"
  5. 8. an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. Theories of a social contract became popular in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries among theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as a means of explaining the origin of government and the obligations of subjects.
  6. 10. reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)
  7. 15. assimilation of Western culture; the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization
  8. 17. a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, esp. to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention
  9. 18. a fleet of worships