Shotcrete and Mass Concrete

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Across
  1. 3. Mechanical process used to eliminate trapped air in concrete
  2. 6. Cement combined with supplementary materials to lower heat generation
  3. 7. Reinforcing elements integrated into the mix to improve toughness
  4. 11. Material that bounces off the surface during shotcrete application
  5. 12. Massive hydraulic structures built using mass concrete
  6. 14. Process that occurs simultaneously with placement in shotcrete
  7. 19. Temporary molds often unnecessary in shotcrete work
  8. 20. Cement type preferred for controlling temperature rise
  9. 23. Method of circulating cold water through pipes to remove heat
  10. 24. Embedded devices used to measure temperature variations
  11. 25. Separation of aggregates caused by excessive vibration
  12. 26. Method of placing concrete in successive lifts to manage internal heat
  13. 28. Early pneumatic mortar application related to shotcrete
  14. 30. Admixtures added to achieve rapid setting times
Down
  1. 1. Chemical modifiers used to delay setting and control reaction timing
  2. 2. Underground structures commonly supported with shotcrete
  3. 4. Structural damage caused by temperature differences within concrete
  4. 5. Chemical additions used to regulate reaction timing
  5. 8. Application on slopes to prevent erosion and landslides
  6. 9. Exothermic chemical reaction that produces heat in large concrete pours
  7. 10. Shotcrete process where water is introduced at the spraying point
  8. 13. Embedded pipe system used to control internal temperature
  9. 15. Property that allows sprayed concrete to stick effectively
  10. 16. Device through which concrete is sprayed onto a surface
  11. 17. Well-graded materials used to reduce heat generation in mass concrete
  12. 18. Continuous tracking of internal temperature conditions
  13. 21. Concrete pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface
  14. 22. Technique of casting concrete in layers to allow heat dissipation
  15. 27. Large-volume concrete requiring strict thermal control
  16. 29. Shotcrete method where concrete is pre-mixed with water before pumping