Software

2. A small, battery-powered memory chip that stores system settings such as date, time, and hardware configurations.
4. The core component of an operating system that manages system resources and allows hardware and software communication.
8. A processing technique that allows multiple processes or tasks to run simultaneously by switching between them rapidly.
10. Programs that translate and execute high-level language code line-by-line without creating a standalone executable.
11. Software tools that convert programming language instructions into a form executable by the computer, such as interpreters and compilers.

1. Interrupts generated by software to request system resources or signal the processor to handle a specific task.
3. The basic operation cycle of a computer’s CPU, consisting of fetch, decode, execute, and store steps.
5. Basic Input/Output System, a firmware interface that initializes hardware during the boot process and provides runtime services.
6. Programs that translate high-level language code into machine code in one go, creating a standalone executable.
7. Signals sent to the processor to indicate that an event needs immediate attention, temporarily halting current processes to handle the event.
9. A processing technique where multiple threads of a single process execute concurrently, sharing the same resources but acting independently.