Soil and Weathering

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Across
  1. 2. the decaying organic matter in soil
  2. 3. layer of rock beneath the soil
  3. 7. horizon a soil layer with physical and chemical properties that differ from those of the soil layers above or below it
  4. 9. the process of wearing something down by friction
  5. 11. the expansion of desert conditions in an area where the natural plant cover has been destroyed
  6. 13. the process in which layers or sheets of rock gradually break off
  7. 14. the process by which rainwater dissolves and carries away minerals and nutrients in topsoil
  8. 15. a chemical reaction in which an element combines with oxygen to form an oxide; iron oxide = rust
  9. 16. the amount of open space between an object
  10. 17. weathering breakdown or decomposition of rock that takes place when minerals change through chemical processes
  11. 18. the top layer of soil that contains humus
Down
  1. 1. the size, shape, and position of the particles of soil
  2. 4. the makeup of rock or soil describing the minerals or elements present in it
  3. 5. the process in which transported sediment is laid down
  4. 6. the ability to let water pass through
  5. 8. the process in which sediment is picked up and moved from one place to another
  6. 10. weathering the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces of the same material without any change to its composition
  7. 12. the process by which natural forces break down rocks and soil