Soil

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Across
  1. 3. layer of rock beneath the soil
  2. 5. weathering breakdown or decomposition of rock that takes place when minerals change through chemical processes
  3. 7. the process by which natural forces break down rocks and soil
  4. 11. the process of wearing something down by friction
  5. 12. horizon a soil layer with physical and chemical properties that differ from those of the soil layers above or below it
  6. 13. the expansion of desert conditions in an area where the natural plant cover has been destroyed
  7. 15. the makeup of rock or soil describing the minerals or elements present in it
  8. 17. the process by which rainwater dissolves and carries away minerals and nutrients in topsoil
Down
  1. 1. the amount of open space between an object
  2. 2. weathering the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces of the same material without any change to its composition
  3. 4. the ability to let water pass through
  4. 6. the size, shape, and position of the particles of soil
  5. 8. the process in which layers or sheets of rock gradually break off
  6. 9. the decaying organic matter in soil
  7. 10. a chemical reaction in which an element combines with oxygen to form an oxide; iron oxide = rust
  8. 14. the process in which transported sediment is laid down
  9. 16. the top layer of soil that contains humus
  10. 18. the process in which sediment is picked up and moved from one place to another