South Sea Islanders Influence

Across

4. Increasingly, white _________ wanted to restrict the jobs and areas in which South Sea Islander people could work. The Islanders were allowed to do only unskilled agricultural work in coastal areas.
5. Many South Sea Islanders could not cope with the different ______
8. ___________ missionaries and others were shocked by the cruel treatment meted out to the Islanders and urged the Queensland and the British governments to end this slave trade.
10. They had to work long hours in harsh conditions, clearing dense tropical scrub to plant ________ _____
12. a person sent by a church into an area to convert others and perform services such as medical care and education.
15. Some returned a second or third time to work in Queensland, working under an __________ for three years: their employer had to pay them, clothe them, provide medical care and arrange for their return at the end of the contract.
16. Some efforts were made to regulate the trade with the passing of the __________ Labourers Act 1868 and the Pacific Labourers Act 1880. Conditions improved very slowly.
18. Around 60 000 South Sea Islanders came to Queensland and northern ____ ______ _______ between the 1860s and 1904.
19. An average of 50 in every 1000 died each year in Queensland. The worst year was 1884, when the death rate for Islander men in the prime of life was 147 per 1000. The comparable rate for European males was 9 or 10 per 1000. The Islanders were most ___________ when they first arrived in Queensland.
20. By 1892, they could not work in sugar mills and later were totally __________ from the sugar industry they had built up. This ban lasted until 1964. Islanders sought to resist these actions by forming organisations and writing petitions.
22. To kidnap South Sea Islander to work on sugar cane farms.
23. To complete physical work.
24. “Sometimes their canoes would be run down, and as many as possible of the struggling _______ picked up and clapped below the hatches; or perhaps their boats would be upset by something heavy being thrown into them when they reached the side of the ship…”
25. Labour traders began to ‘______’ workers for the expansion of farming into Queensland.

Down

1. they were given some ________ and perhaps some accommodation.
2. During the later decades, Islander people had a better understanding of life and work in Queensland. Some were eager to come to Queensland in order to be able to take back goods such as axes, clothes and guns to improve their lives and their status in their home ____________
3. In the early phases of recruitment, _______ ____ _________ were often brought to Australia by kidnapping (blackbirding) or trickery.
6. “Brutal and mean methods of capture were used. Natives were encouraged, for instance, to come to the recruiting vessel to trade, and after they had, unsuspecting, come on deck, were ____________ and taken below, the hatches being put on to prevent their escape.
7. Those who came to Queensland in the 1860s and 1870s were usually captured by unscrupulous slave traders and taken from their islands in the __________
9. Distressed and angry to have been taken forcibly from their homes and families, they found the climate in Queensland very difficult and had little ___________ to diseases such as smallpox, measles, dysentery, pneumonia and tuberculosis.
11. Those who re-enlisted for indenture usually fared better than those who were on their first trip to __________
13. __________ were careless about the health and working conditions of South Sea Islander people.
14. They hoed the cane and caught cane grubs. Later they harvested the cane, cutting it down with a sharp knife. For this arduous work, they were paid only £6 ($11) a ______
17. The first arrivals had to learn some _________
21. The common belief in the colonies during the 1860s was the ‘white’ labour was ________ of working on the sugar and cotton farms in the harsh environmental and climatic conditions of North Queensland.