Special Education

Across

5. A system in which raised dots allow people who are blind to read with their fingertips; each quadrangular cell contains from one to six dots, the arrangement of which denotes different letters and symbols.
10. A technique whereby a friend or therapist offers encouragement and support for a person with ADHD.
13. A disorder that occurs in children who are younger than 9 years old. The disorder results in the impaired ability to produce sounds in his or her own language.
15. A term for reading disabilities; used more often by those in the medical profession than those who are educators.
18. A specially designed instruction that meets the unusual needs of an exceptional student and that might require special materials, teaching techniques, or equipment and/or facilities.
21. A condition resulting from an abnormality with the 21st pair of chromosomes; the most common abnormality is a triplet rather than a pair (the condition sometimes referred to as trisomy 21); characterized by intellectual disability and such physical signs as slanted-appearing eyes, hypotonia, a single palmar crease, shortness, and a tendency toward obesity.
24. A surgically inserting electronic elements under the skin behind the ear and in the inner ear.
25. A disadvantage imposed on an individual.
27. Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences (what purpose the behavior serves), antecedents (what triggers the behavior), and setting events (contextual factors) that maintain inappropriate behaviors.
28. Mainstreaming; the idea of placing students with disabilities in general education classes and other school activities.
29. An inherited syndrome resulting in hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive condition characterized by problems in seeing in low light and tunnel vision
32. The ability to see fine details; usually measured with the Snellen chart.
35. A condition characterized by problems in seeing at low levels of illumination; often caused by retinitis pigmentosa.
37. Behavior causing injury or mutilation of oneself, such as self-biting or head-banging; usually seen in individuals with severe and multiple disabilities.
38. A term used by educators to refer to individuals whose visual impairment is not so severe that they are unable to read print of any kind; they may read large or regular print, and they may need some kind of magnification.
39. A way of determining whether a student has a learning disability
40. The use of memory-enhancing cues to help one remember something
41. Occurs when the stimulation of one sensory or cognitive system results in the stimulation of another sensory or cognitive system.
42. A program aims to be drawn up the educational team for each exceptional child; it must include a statement of present educational performance, instructional goals, educational services to be provided, and criteria and procedures for determining that the instructional objectives are being met.
43. a way of augmenting speechreading.

Down

1. A method used by most sign language interpreters in which the signs maintain the same word order as that of spoken English
2. One’s understanding of the strategies available for learning a task and the regulatory mechanisms needed to complete the task.
3. A disorder characterized by overt, aggressive, disruptive behavior or covert antisocial acts such as stealing, lying, and fire setting; may include both overt and covert acts.
4. A teaching approach in which the teacher places students with heterogeneous abilities (for example, some might have disabilities) together to work on assignments.
6. A milder form of autism without significant impairments in language and cognition; characterized by primary problems in social interaction.
7. Farsightedness; vision for near objects is affected; usually results when the eyeball is too short.
8. A type of cognitive training technique that requires individuals to talk aloud and then to themselves as they solve problems.
9. Teaching that involves instructional prompts, consequences for performance, and transfer of stimulus control; often used with students with intellectual disabilities.
11. Civil rights legislation for persons with disabilities ensuring nondiscrimination in a broad range of activities.
12. A manual language used by people who are deaf to communicate; a true language with its own grammar.
14. A condition characterized by problems in peripheral vision, or a narrowing of the field of vision.
16. The parroting repetition of words or phrases either immediately after they are heard or later; often observed in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders.
17. Decoding or understanding messages in communication.
19. Acting-out behavior; aggressive or disruptive behavior that is observable as behavior directed toward others.
20. A federal law requires that to receive funds under the act, every school system in the nation must provide a free, appropriate public education for every child between the ages of three and twenty-one, regardless of how or how seriously he or she may be disabled.
22. Person whose hearing disability precludes successful processing of linguistic information through audition, with or without a hearing aid.
23. A range of disorders in children whose mothers consumed large quantities of alcohol during pregnancy.
26. A condition characterized by severe problems of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity; often found in people with learning disabilities.
30. Inflammation of the middle ear.
31. Acting-in behavior; anxiety, fearfulness, withdrawal, and other indications of an individual’s mood or internal state.
33. Injury to the brain (not including conditions present at birth, birth trauma, or degenerative diseases or conditions) resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance; may affect various aspects of brain development.
34. An inability to do something, a diminished capacity to perform in a specific way (an impairment)
36. Hesitations, repetitions, and other disruptions of normal speech flow.