Spelling/Vocabulary Science Chapter 2 review

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Across
  1. 4. a feature of a substance that describes how its chemical identity changes in the presence of another substance or under certain conditions
  2. 8. the property of a substance that indicates how readily its particles can be pushed closer together, reducing the volume of the substance
  3. 11. a state of matter that can form near absolute zero (0 K) when atoms slow their motion enough to merge into a single "super atom"
  4. 12. the state of a substance in which its particles occupy fixed positions; in this state the substance is rigid, or nearly so, and has a definite volume and shape, and low compressibility
  5. 13. a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow; the "thickness" of a liquid or gas
  6. 14. a nonuniform mixture that contains two or more distinct phases, usually of different kinds of matter
  7. 15. the center of an atom; it contains protons and usually neutrons, which make up nearly all the mass of the atom
  8. 19. pressure the gas pressure exerted on the surface of a liquid by its vapor in a closed container when the gas and liquid are in equilibrium
  9. 20. any feature of matter that can be observed or measured without altering the kind of matter being studied
  10. 22. a gaslike substance formed at very high temperatures that consists of high-energy ions
  11. 23. the change of state from gas to liquid when thermal energy is released to the surroundings
  12. 24. the process of spreading out and mixing due to particle motion
  13. 28. the change of state from a solid to al liquid when thermal energy is absorbed
  14. 30. the concept that tiny particles in constant, random motion make up all matter
  15. 33. a substance that can flow; a liquid or a gas
  16. 35. an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, thus producing an imbalance between the number of protons and electrons in the particle
  17. 36. the change in the energy or composition of an atom's nucleus when it emits or absorbs nuclear radiation
  18. 41. a high-temperature state of matter that forms when nuclei collide with such energy that their protons and neutrons are broken down into a "soup" of elementary particles called quarks and gluons
  19. 43. a connection that atoms make with each other by sharing or transferring electrons to form larger structure, such as molecules
Down
  1. 1. the change of state from a solid directly to a vapor (or vice versa) at temperatures below the freezing point of the substance
  2. 2. the change of state from a liquid to a solid when thermal energy is released
  3. 3. rapid vaporization that occurs when a liquid's vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure and the static pressure in the liquid, forming vapor bubbles; this may occur anywhere in the liquid
  4. 5. a nonchemical combination of two or more substances
  5. 6. a physical form of matter determined by the arrangement and energy of its particles; the three most common are solid, liquid, and gas
  6. 7. theory the concept that all matter is made of exceedingly small particles
  7. 8. any change in a substance that alters its composition (the kind and ratio of elements in the substance)
  8. 9. a pure substance consisting of atoms of two or more elements bonded together in a fixed ratio
  9. 10. a uniform mixture of particles of different substances that form a single phase; also called solution
  10. 16. the microscopic, random jostling of suspended matter due to the collisions of innumerable gas or liquid particles in which the matter is suspended
  11. 17. the state of a substance in which its particles are far apart and have large kinetic energies; in this state the substance has no fixed volume or shape, is highly compressible, and is able to flow
  12. 18. a pure substance that contains only one kind of atom
  13. 21. any change that does not alter the composition of a substance
  14. 22. matter that has distinctly different properties from other matter around it; one of the physical states of a substance in a mixture of its different states; a separate part of a heterogeneous mixture
  15. 25. a neutral nuclear particle, or nucleon; it has about the same mass as a proton, and its purpose seems to be to stabilize the nucleus
  16. 26. a particle with unusual properties that carries a single negative fundamental charge and occupies the spherical volume of space around the nucleus of an atom
  17. 27. a nuclear particle, or nucleon, that carries a single positive fundamental charge; its mass is about 1836 times that of an electron's; the number of these in an atom determines its identity as an element
  18. 29. distinct particles formed when two or more atoms bond together
  19. 31. relatively slow vaporization that occurs when a liquid's temperature is below its boiling point but above its freezing point; this occurs only at the surface of the liquid
  20. 32. the state of a substance in which its particles are close together but mobile; in this state the substance has definite volume but no fixed shape; it has low compressibility, can flow, and has a free surface
  21. 34. any process in which particles of a liquid enter the gaseous phase
  22. 37. pressure the pressure a gas exerts on its container or on an object immersed in it
  23. 38. the gaseous phase of a substance
  24. 39. a substance that contains only a single element or compound
  25. 40. anything that occupies space and has mass
  26. 42. the basic particle of matter from which all other matter is constructed; it consists of protons, electrons, and (usually) neutrons