Stars ☆

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Across
  1. 4. hot energy plasma from the Sun’s core rises, and cool gas falls back toward the center.
  2. 7. Spread elements in a star’s atmosphere into space.
  3. 10. Second most abundant element in the Sun.
  4. 11. A graph with temperature on the x-axis and luminosity on the y-axis used to characterize stars.
  5. 13. A physical property of a spinning system such that its spin remains constant unless it is acted upon by an external torque
  6. 19. Order of Star Life: low mass star, planetary nebula, white dwarf
  7. 20. Makes up the Sun- Are made up of atoms in which some or all of the electrons have been stripped away and positively charged nuclei, called ions, roam freely.
  8. 21. giant loops in the Sun’s chromosphere and corona connecting two sunspots.
  9. 27. Calmer plasma, energy moves outward in the form of photons of light.
  10. 29. dark splotches on the Sun’s surface, can be larger in diameter than the Earth.
  11. 34. The outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere, extends million kilometers above the visible surface of the Sun.
  12. 35. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity: _______ itself has energy.
  13. 36. Stars are born in interstellar clouds that are particularly cold and dense.
  14. 39. The outward push of gas pressure balances the inward pull of gravity, keeping our Sun more or less stable in size.
  15. 41. When nuclear fusion begins, the star is _______________!
  16. 42. Giant Ball of ____ gas are made of plasma.
  17. 43. _______ elements were produced inside of stars.
  18. 44. The gas and dust between stars.
Down
  1. 1. Gas surrounding a protostar falls into the star due to gravity.
  2. 2. A stream of charged particles continually blowing outward in all directions from the Sun.
  3. 3. a cataclysmic explosion of a star
  4. 4. the middle layer of the solar atmosphere, temperature drops to 10,000 K, region that radiates most of the UV light.
  5. 5. the brightness of a star as it appears to our eyes.
  6. 6. NASA mission designed to study the Sun's corona and solar wind by flying into the Sun's atmosphere
  7. 8. Molecular clouds block stars behind them or make them appear redder.
  8. 9. A disk of material surrounding a protostar
  9. 12. Main element in the Sun.
  10. 14. Tiny, solid grains of carbon, silicon, oxygen, and iron in space.
  11. 15. The dark patches within the Milky Way are interstellar gas clouds that appear dark because they block our view of the stars behind them.
  12. 16. An accumulation of gas, plasma, and dust in our and other galaxies, aka nebulae.
  13. 17. Form when gravity causes a molecular cloud to contract and the contraction continues until the central object becomes hot enough to sustain nuclear fusion in its core.
  14. 18. The ________ elements, hydrogen and helium, were produced in the Big Bang.
  15. 22. The small candle went out first because there was less _____ in the small jar.
  16. 23. How often does the cycle repeat/occur?
  17. 24. A cycle in which the average number of sunspots on the Sun gradually rises and falls.
  18. 25. lowest layer of the atmosphere, which is the visible surface of the Sun.
  19. 26. The Sun is not a burning ball of ______.
  20. 28. High speed streams of gas shooting into interstellar space.
  21. 29. the source of the Sun’s energy takes place here.
  22. 30. Hydrogen colliding together to form helium, releasing energy.
  23. 31. Bursts of X rays and fast-moving charged particles shooting into space; created by changes in magnetic fields.
  24. 32. A star currently in the SAME stage of its life cycle as the Sun.
  25. 33. Dense center of cloud fragment.
  26. 37. Cloud of gas and dust in outer space, visible in the night sky either as an indistinct bright patch or as a dark silhouette against other luminous matter
  27. 38. the total amount of power that a star emits into space
  28. 40. Order of Star Life: high mass star → Supernova then turn into a neutron star or a black hole