Surveying

12345678910111213141516171819202122
Across
  1. 1. Imaginary line joining points of equal elevation
  2. 3. Instrument used for measuring magnetic bearings
  3. 4. Method of determining distances and elevations using optical observations
  4. 7. Rule used for accurate computation of earthwork volumes
  5. 8. Survey conducted for property and boundary demarcation
  6. 10. Instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles
  7. 12. Process of determining the elevations of points on the earth's surface
  8. 15. Electronic technique used for measuring distances
  9. 16. Fixed reference point of known elevation
  10. 17. Method used for calculating irregular areas from offsets
  11. 18. Satellite-based positioning and navigation system
  12. 21. Survey in which angular measurements are made using a theodolite
  13. 22. Method of determining elevations using vertical angles and distances
Down
  1. 2. Atmospheric effect causing bending of light rays during levelling
  2. 3. Surveying method based on linear measurements only
  3. 5. Method of setting out a simple circular curve using deflection angles
  4. 6. Lateral distance measured from a survey line to locate details
  5. 7. Science of obtaining measurements from aerial photographs
  6. 9. Modern surveying instrument combining EDM and angle measurement
  7. 11. Effect of the earth's spherical shape on levelling observations
  8. 13. Horizontal angle measured with respect to a reference meridian
  9. 14. Error in compass surveying caused by nearby magnetic influences
  10. 19. Gradual change in alignment connecting two straight lines
  11. 20. Global navigation satellite system used for precise positioning
  12. 21. Series of connected survey lines whose lengths and directions are measured