Tech Oil Spill Crossword Andrew Ernst

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Across
  1. 5. A light, almost transparent layer of oil. Sometimes confused with windrows and natural sheen resulting from biological processes. Sometimes referred to as transparent sheen.
  2. 8. A black or brown hydrocarbon material that ranges in consistency from a heavy liquid to a solid.
  3. 9. Vessel specifically designed for the purpose of combating spills of oil and other hazardous substances at sea.
  4. 10. A naturally occurring clay, which is often a major constituent of drilling muds
  5. 12. A black or very dark brown layer of oil. Depending on the quantity of oil spilled, black oil tends to quickly spread out over the water surface to a thickness of about 1 millimeter. However, from the air, it is impossible to tell the thickness of a black oil layer.
  6. 14. Crude oil and natural gas seeps naturally out of fissures in the ocean seabed and eroding sedimentary rock.
  7. 15. Drilling for oil and gas from platforms located offshore on the continental shelf.
  8. 19. A political body responsible for managing air quality from unwanted chemicals or other materials occurring in the air.
  9. 20. Sewage from vessels is defined as drainage and other wastes from any form of toilet and urinal.
  10. 21. Action taken when an oil spill occurs to mitigate the effects of the spill as much as possible.
  11. 23. The actions taken when an oil spill has occurred.
  12. 24. Waste water from washing operations (e.g. from showers, laundary, kitchen, handbasins, etc.)
  13. 25. The most common type of equipment for mechanical containment of oil following a spill is floating barriers, i.e., different types of booms, barriers, and skimmers.
  14. 26. The complete machinery and structure needed for drilling a well.
  15. 27. Effects that are fatal (deadly) to the victim.
  16. 28. The search for reservoirs of oil and gas, which includes aerial and geophysical surveys, geological studies, core testing, and drilling of wells.
  17. 29. A process that results in the elimination of a material from an aquatic organism
  18. 33. A federal agency with the mission to protect human health and safeguard the environment.
  19. 36. Place where an animal or plant normally lives, often characterized by a dominant plant form or physical characteristic.
  20. 38. Utility for processing crude oil into various fractions, e.g., fuel oil, gasoline (petrol), etc.
  21. 41. Refers to the entire collection of measurements about which one wishes to draw conclusions.
  22. 43. Accidental release of oil into the marine or terrestrial environment.
  23. 45. A fixed structure resting on the seabed or piled into it from which development wells are drilled to exploit an oil or gas field.
  24. 47. Any process that causes one substance to penetrate the inside of another substance. In the case of oil spill clean up, oil is drawn into porous sorbent materials.
  25. 48. An oil tanker engaged in the trade of carrying oil other than crude oil.
  26. 52. The occurance of adverse effects on the nervous system following exposure to chemicals.
  27. 53. Recovery of oil from the water surface by mechanical means, e.g. skimmers and booms.
  28. 54. The interrelationships between all of the living things in an area.
  29. 57. Degradation of air quality resulting from unwanted chemicals or other materials occurring in the air.
  30. 58. Strategic placement of equipment and personnel.
  31. 59. Typically a 0.1 - 1.0 ?m thickness of water-in-oil emulsion. Thickness can vary widely depending on wind and current conditions. Maybe referred as heavy or dull colored sheens.
Down
  1. 1. A chemical used to intentionally speed up a fire; gasoline can be used as an accelerant to speed up oil fires.
  2. 2. A fossil fuel formed from plant and animal remains many millions of years ago. It comprises organic compounds built up from hydrogen and carbon atoms and is, accordingly, often referred to as hydrocarbons. Crude oil is occasionally found in springs or pools, but is usually drilled from wells beneath the earth's surface.
  3. 3. Crude oil and refined petroleum products (motor oils, fuels, lubricants, etc.), as well as vegetable oils, animal fats, and other non-petroleum oils.
  4. 4. A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S. gallons or 159 liters at 60 degrees F, often used to measure volume in oil production, transportation, and trade. One cubic meter equals 6.293 barrels.
  5. 6. When oil is moved from one vessel to another by means of pumping.
  6. 7. of a pollutant, e.g., oil, in contravention of national and/or international legislation.
  7. 11. A subsurface, porous, permeable rock formation in which oil and gas are found.
  8. 13. A layer of oil floating on the surface of water.
  9. 16. An oil spill that occurs in or affects bodies of freshwater, such as lakes and rivers.
  10. 17. Accidental release of oil or other hazardous substance into the marine or terrestrial environment.
  11. 18. A well drilled without finding gas or oil in commercial quantities.
  12. 22. Geographical area in which a number of oil or gas wells produce from a continuous reservoir.
  13. 30. The extent to which chemicals are able to penetrate permeable tissues of an organism.
  14. 31. Drainage water from an offshore platform machinery space, but does not include any water from processing and production.
  15. 32. Having a tendency to repel water; hydrophobic materials will not easily absorb water.
  16. 34. Blowout that occurs at an offshore oil or gas platform.
  17. 35. A ship designed to carry either oil or solid cargo in bulk.
  18. 37. A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance is combined with oxygen; oxidation may lead to degradation or deterioration of the substance.
  19. 39. Response to oil spills (fighting oil spills).
  20. 40. An oil tanker engaged in the trade of carrying crude oil
  21. 42. Habitats and ecosystems that exist in bodies of water; refers to both marine and freshwater environments.
  22. 44. A very small plant, animal, or bacteria; some microorganisms, like larger organisms can be hurt by oil spills; however, some microorganisms actually break oil down into less harmful substances.
  23. 46. The separation of constituents from natural gas for the purpose of making saleable products and also for trating the residue gas.
  24. 47. The process that causes one substance to be attracted to and stick to the surface of another substance, without actually penetrating its surface.
  25. 49. A productive oil or gas formation comprising one or more reservoirs, usually related to the same geological features.
  26. 50. The addition of sand to a beach allowing it to widen and build out seaward.
  27. 51. A mobile offshore drilling platform with retractable legs on which the platform rests on the seabed when in operation.
  28. 55. The outcome; the fate of an oil spill is what happens to the oil.
  29. 56. A liquid petroleum product having a flash point above 37.8 degrees C used, e.g., in industrial furnaces, domestic heaters, and ships.