Tectonic plates

2. The region where two tectonic plates meet.
3. Large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere that move around, interacting at their boundaries.
6. A fracture or zone of fractures in the Earth's crust where movement has occurred.
7. Waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the Earth or an explosion that radiates outward.
9. The phenomenon associated with the eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the Earth's surface.
11. A boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, causing earthquakes.
12. A boundary where two tectonic plates move away from each other, causing the formation of new crust as magma rises from the mantle.
13. Molten or semi-molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.
15. The rigid outer layer of Earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
16. The semi-fluid layer in the mantle where convection currents occur, influencing plate movement.
19. A series of ocean waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, often due to undersea earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries.
21. The theory that continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since drifted apart.
22. Columns of hot rock rising from the Earth's mantle, believed to cause volcanic activity in hotspot regions like Hawaii.
23. The movement of material in the mantle driven by heat, influencing tectonic plate motion.

1. An underwater mountain range formed at a divergent boundary where new oceanic crust is created through volcanic activity.
2. The study of Earth's magnetic field preserved in rocks, providing evidence for the movement of tectonic plates over time
4. A location on the Earth's surface where volcanic activity occurs due to a plume of hot mantle material rising from the Earth's interior.
5. An instrument used to detect and record seismic waves produced by earthquakes.
8. Process where new oceanic crust forms through volcanic activity.
10. A boundary where two tectonic plates move toward each other, leading to compression and often resulting in mountain formation or subduction.
14. Thinner, denser sections of Earth's lithosphere found beneath the oceans.
17. The process where one tectonic plate moves beneath another at a convergent boundary due to differences in density.
18. A region of the Earth's crust where tectonic plates are pulling apart, creating fractures and volcanic activity.
20. Curved chains of volcanic islands formed at convergent plate boundaries.