Tectonics defintions

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Across
  1. 2. More viscous lava leading to more dangerous but infrequent eruptions.
  2. 5. When the violent shaking during an earthquake causes surface rocks to lose strength and become more liquid than solid.
  3. 8. Points within the middle of a tectonic plate where plumes of hot magma rise and erupt.
  4. 12. The movement of a volume of seawater above the point at which the seabed was moved up or down by an earthquake, such as a thrust.
  5. 14. Where two plates meet and move alongside each other in a similar direction or opposite direction, usually at different speeds.
  6. 15. Where two plates move in opposite directions, leaving a zone of faulting and a gap into which magma from the asthenosphere rises.
  7. 18. When newly formed oceanic crust sinks into the mantle, pulling the rest of the plate further down with it.
  8. 22. A physical geographical event, tectonic, hydrological or meteorological, which has a negative impact on people.
  9. 24. The area in the mantle where a tectonic plate melts.
  10. 26. When a major hazardous event becomes catastrophic and more than a disaster.
  11. 27. When energy released during an earthquake causes the Earth’s crust to crack.
  12. 30. Point inside the Earth’s crust from which the pressure is released when an earthquake occurs.
  13. 31. The study of past changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.
  14. 32. Depth at which an earthquake starts. It is divided into shallow, intermediate and deep.
  15. 33. Two plates that collide into each other, often on plate being subducted unless they are both continental.
  16. 34. The slowest seismic waves, which focus all their energy on the Earth’s surface.
  17. 37. Less viscous lava leading to less dangerous but frequent eruptions.
  18. 38. A mass movement of rock and soil down a steep slope due to gravity or EQ
Down
  1. 1. A mixture of meltwater from snow and ice on top of an active volcano and tephra.
  2. 3. Part of the mantle, below the lithosphere, where the rock is semi-molten.
  3. 4. The solid layer, made from the crust and upper mantle, from which tectonic plates are formed.
  4. 6. Earthquakes which occur far from plate margins.
  5. 7. Point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
  6. 9. Natural hazards caused by climate processes (including droughts, floods, hurricanes and storms).
  7. 10. Hot, liquid magma currents moving in the asthenosphere.
  8. 11. An area that is at risk from multiple natural hazards such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
  9. 13. The most accurate earthquake magnitude scale, it measures the total energy released by an earthquake.
  10. 16. Very fine particles of rock/tephra ejected during a volcanic eruption.
  11. 17. A theoretical model of hazard management as a continuous fourstage cycle involving mitigation, preparation, response and recovery.
  12. 19. The fastest seismic waves which travel through both solids and liquids.
  13. 20. A model used to work out how vulnerable a country is to hazards.
  14. 21. An analysis of different types of hazards based on a range of criteria usually physical factors.
  15. 23. An earthquake intensity scale based on 12 levels of damage to areas.
  16. 25. Action to reduce the impacts of an event.
  17. 28. Area where friction is created between colliding tectonic plates, resulting in intermediate and deep earthquakes.
  18. 29. The movement of the oceanic crust away from a constructive plate boundary, as recorded by the magnetic stripes in the basaltic rock (palaeomagnetism).
  19. 35. The scale used to measure the magnitude of a volcanic eruption.
  20. 36. Seismic waves which only travel through solids and move with a sideways motion.