Final Exam

2. deeply ingrained assumptions about human nature, time, and ultimate reality, developed within one's sociocultural setting.
3. Drawing a conclusion without sufficient supporting evidence (distortion)
6. The inferential error where a counselor interprets everything through the lens of a model that is currently most available in their consciousness
7. explains emotional disturbances using the ABC formula, where the counselor actively works to Dispute (D) the irrational beliefs (B).
9. is the error of perceiving a causal link between two independent events
10. an error where events are placed into two opposing, mutually exclusive categories (e.g., perfect or awful)
12. helps the client clarify what they are avoiding by staying unwell is The Question, asked as: "What would be different if you were well?"

1. developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, posits five main stages of change. The stage where a client acknowledges a problem but is ambivalent is called Contemplation.
4. focuses on consequences
5. Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR) and Accurate Empathic Understanding.
8. defined as cognitive generalizations about the self, derived from past experience, that organizes the processing of self-related information
11. focuses on antecedent conditions(stimulus-response elicitation)