The Age of Exploration

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Across
  1. 2. Heavily defended structures with walls, cannons, and soldiers built to protect valuable ports and trade routes
  2. 3. Agreement signed in 1479 that ended conflict between Spain and Portugal and gave Portugal exclusive access to ports on the West African coast
  3. 5. Famous phrase historians use to summarize the motives for European exploration
  4. 6. Small European settlements established mainly for trade, resupplying ships, and storing goods during long voyages
  5. 9. Italian explorer who sailed west across the Atlantic for Spain while searching for a new route to Asia
  6. 11. Chinese invention that helped sailors determine direction while traveling far from land
  7. 14. Portuguese explorer who first rounded the southern tip of Africa and proved a sea route to the Indian Ocean existed
  8. 15. Italian traders who controlled Mediterranean trade routes connecting Europe with Asian goods
  9. 17. City that became wealthy and important because of trade and business activity
  10. 24. To sail completely around the Earth
  11. 25. Portuguese explorer who created the first direct sea route from Europe to India by sailing around Africa
  12. 31. Spanish explorer who crossed Central America and became the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean from the Americas
  13. 32. Territories conquered and ruled directly by European powers with settlers, military control, and political domination
  14. 34. Strategic fortress built by Portugal near the Persian Gulf to control important sea lanes and trade routes
  15. 35. Merchants who bought goods from one group and resold them to another group at higher prices for profit
  16. 36. Indian trading port reached by Vasco da Gama that was filled with spices, silks, and precious gems
  17. 38. Central trading base a European country created and used to organize shipping routes, store goods, oversee nearby posts, and direct trade operations in Asia.
  18. 39. Imaginary north-to-south boundary created by the Treaty of Tordesillas to divide land claims
  19. 40. Powerful weapons mounted on European ships that helped Portugal defeat rivals and protect trade routes
  20. 41. Asian islands claimed by Spain after Magellan’s expedition and later settled beginning in 1565
  21. 42. Explorer whose expedition became the first to successfully sail all the way around the globe
  22. 43. Agreement signed in 1494 and created by the Pope that divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal
Down
  1. 1. Period of growing trade and business activity in Europe that increased wealth and interest in exploration
  2. 4. Ship technology borrowed from Arab sailors that allowed Portuguese boats to sail more effectively against the wind
  3. 7. Strong Portuguese sailing ship designed for long ocean voyages and exploration
  4. 8. Powerful Dutch trading company that eventually dominated much of the Indian Ocean trade network
  5. 10. Portuguese-controlled port city on India’s west coast that became the capital of Portugal’s Asian trading empire
  6. 12. Measurement sailors calculated to determine how far west or east they were.
  7. 13. Navigation instrument perfected by Muslims that sailors used to calculate latitude using the stars
  8. 16. Muslim trading city in North Africa conquered by Portugal in 1415, exposing Prince Henry to valuable Asian goods
  9. 18. Dutch trading headquarters established on the island of Java in 1619 to organize trade in Southeast Asia
  10. 19. Money earned after subtracting the costs of trade voyages and business expenses
  11. 20. Another name for the Spice Islands, famous for producing valuable spices highly desired in Europe
  12. 21. Important Southeast Asian port city captured by Portugal to gain control of regional spice trade routes
  13. 22. Narrow waterway in Southeast Asia controlled by Portugal to dominate regional trade routes
  14. 23. Traders who controlled much of the spice trade before Europeans opened direct sea routes to Asia
  15. 26. Cultural movement in Europe that encouraged curiosity, learning, artistic achievement, and exploration of lands beyond Europe
  16. 27. Expensive products from Asia, such as silk and spices, that Europeans strongly desired during the Age of Exploration
  17. 28. Southern tip of Africa used by European ships as an important stop during voyages to Asia
  18. 29. Measurement sailors calculated to determine how far north or south they were from the equator
  19. 30. Southeast Asian islands rich in spices that became an important focus of European competition and trade
  20. 33. Portuguese prince who sponsored voyages, founded a navigation school, and became known as “the Navigator”
  21. 37. Complete control over a trade or business that limits or eliminates competition