Chapter 18.3 Foreign Contacts Under the Yuan Rule (pgs 212-213 in the book, but also available through TCI if you sign in through Clever)
Across
- 1. Muslim and Persian ________ established new hospitals.
- 4. __________ merchant associations managed the Silk Road trade and traded Chinese silk and porcelain for medicines, perfumes, and ivory. (hint: the word describes a person who follows a certain religion).
- 5. A ___________ is a person whose career is based entirely on trade. (hint: this sentence is not straight from the book, but it is a vocab word that is frequently used and you should know what it means).
- 6. In addition to foreign contacts bringing their skills to China, they also allowed Chinese skills and information to flow from China and ________ to other parts of the world.
- 9. The Chinese hated a Muslim finance minister named Ahmed so much that they ____________ him.
- 11. Mongol leaders set up stations along the Silk Road every 20 miles where traders could find ______ and a place to sleep.
- 12. Foreign merchants also spoke other languages, which the Chinese were ________ to learn.
- 14. Polo first traveled to China as a teenager with his father and uncle, who were merchants from Venice in ______. Their route took them across Persia and along the southern branch of the Silk Road. Throughout the long journey, Marco Polo paid attention to the interesting new things he saw.
- 15. Unlike Chinese merchants, foreign merchants could travel freely and did not have to pay _______.
- 17. By welcoming traders and other foreigners, the Yuan leaders encouraged cultural __________.
- 18. The Chinese people _______ being ruled by foreigners, especially since a few foreign government officials were harsh and dishonest.
- 20. ____________ brought their advanced knowledge of astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and water management.
- 21. The tale of Polo's travels gave Europeans firsthand knowledge of China and further stimulated interest in ______.
- 25. One example of foreigners bringing their special skills to China is that Muslim _________ designed and built the Yuan capital of Dadu, today's Beijing.
- 26. Kublai Khan called his dynasty the ________ dynasty. Under the Mongols, foreigners ruled China for nearly 100 years.
- 27. The vast Mongol empire stretched clear across which continent?
- 28. Foreigners enjoyed high status under the Yuan rulers, and foreign merchants, in particular, were given special _________.
- 30. Kublai Khan appointed many visiting foreigners to official positions in his __________. The most famous was Marco Polo, a young Italian merchant and adventurer who traveled throughout China.
- 33. Jamal al-Din, a Persian astronomer, introduced new and better astronomical instruments, helped to develop a new calendar, and set up an ____________, which was a special building for the study of astronomy.
- 34. The ___________ that built up under Yuan rule helped make the Chinese suspicious of further contact with foreigners. (hint: this word means “a negative emotional reaction to being mistreated”)
- 37. When Marco Polo returned to Italy, he ______ an account of his experiences to an author who wrote a book about him. (hint: this word means he told his story and someone else wrote it down for him)
- 38. Travel along the Silk Road became _______ because the entire region was now under the control of one government (Choose: SAFER or RISKY).
Down
- 2. Although Marco Polo did not read or write Chinese, he __________ carefully.
- 3. One example of Chinese advancements spreading to other parts of the world is when Europeans learned about the Chinese inventions of _________ and printing.
- 4. Some of the foreign visitors who traveled the Silk Road from Europe to China were Christian _________. They wanted to convert the Chinese to Christianity.
- 7. Some of the Christian missionaries wanted Kublai Khan to form an _________ with Europeans against the Muslims. He said no.
- 8. The Song dynasty came to an end when the ________ conquered China. Recall that the Mongol leader Kublai Khan became emperor of China in 1279.
- 10. Many foreigners who came to China brought special _______.
- 11. Travel and trade expanded as never before, and more _________ (<--this word means a person born in or coming from a country other than one's own) came to China.
- 13. Black pepper, white walnuts, and cloves came from ___________.
- 14. The khan liked Marco Polo and enjoyed his accounts of his travels, so he sent Marco to represent him on ________ tours around China.
- 16. Ginger, cotton, and muslin came from Ceylon (now ________). (hint: this is two words that you put together, no space)
- 19. Christian missionaries did make some converts, and they helped bring new _______ to China.
- 22. Marco Polo traveled around China for about _________ years before beginning his journey home.
- 23. The Mongols also developed a far-reaching _______ trade. This word means "by sea" rather than by land.
- 24. In addition to the overland Silk Road, ______ trade also flourished under the Yuan emperors.
- 29. After three and a half years and over _______ thousand miles, the Polos reached the court of Kublai Khan.
- 31. The Chinese were at the ________ of the social order and resented the restrictions placed on them.
- 32. Under Kublai Khan, life was more pleasant for Mongols and foreigners, such as Marco Polo, than it was for the _______ Chinese.
- 35. Yuan leaders respected merchants and actively promoted _______.
- 36. Ships from ______ brought diamonds and pearls.