The Carolingians

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Across
  1. 4. Nordic god of thunder and lightening, equipped with a magical hammer
  2. 5. Danish monarch who converted to Christianity in exchange for land at Normandy
  3. 7. lesser lords sworn in oblige to greater lords, including knights and small landholders
  4. 12. crowned "Emperor of the Romans" on Christmas Day, AD 800
  5. 15. Anglo-Saxon king who preserved Wessex via Danegeld and a strong navy
  6. 16. Bede-trained tutor, counselor and scribe for the Franks' Palace School
  7. 18. nephew of Otto who revived Frankish monarchy following Carolingian decline
  8. 19. heavily hierarchal and localized social-political system of the medieval period
  9. 20. "ones who came from the fjords", first Europeans to reach America, c. 1000
Down
  1. 1. crowned as the first "Holy Roman Emperor" by Pope John XII in AD 962
  2. 2. pious monarch who welcomed Benedictine efforts to reform Frankish rule
  3. 3. initiation ceremony which included a "holy kiss" in sealing the pledge
  4. 6. "peace of God", with Truega Dei it was a Church strategy to limit feudal violence
  5. 8. Rhineland capital of the Franks also known as Aix-la-Chapelle
  6. 9. Ural raiders who invaded eastern Europe, settling in Hungary
  7. 10. site of 843 treaty that divided the Frankish kingdom into three estates
  8. 11. first Carolingian monarch, donated lands to Church following victories over the Lombards
  9. 13. eldest son who received Carolingian "Middle Kingdom" that included capital at Aix-la-Chapelle
  10. 14. surname awarded to Charles, Mayor of the Parisian Palace following his great victory at Tours
  11. 17. peasant workforce of the medieval world, not slaves per se, yet bound to lord's estate