The chemistry of next-generation sequencing

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Across
  1. 2. (verb) To keep a sample at a specific temperature for a period of time to allow a reaction to occur. In the context of the article, DNA is incubated with labeled nucleotides and polymerases for sequencing.
  2. 4. (verb) to form a double-stranded molecule by binding complementary strands of DNA or RNA together.
  3. 5. (verb) The process of attaching a molecule or polymer to a surface. In the context of the article, silane and benzene triacetic acid are grafted onto the surface of glass slides for sequencing.
  4. 7. (verb) to group together multiple copies of a DNA molecule on a solid surface for sequencing.
  5. 8. (verb) The simultaneous sequencing of multiple DNA samples in a single NGS (=Next generation sequencing) run.
  6. 10. (noun) A tiny hole in a membrane that allows single-stranded DNA to pass through, enabling real-time sequencing of the DNA.
Down
  1. 1. (noun) The separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs
  2. 3. (noun) a chemical reaction in which an alcohol and a carboxylic acid react to form an ester and water.
  3. 4. (noun) a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound into smaller molecules.
  4. 6. (verb) to increase the amount of DNA or RNA in a sample using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  5. 9. (noun) The process of determining which DNA variants are on the same chromosome and which are on different chromosomes.