The Flow of Water

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Across
  1. 5. The area of land that is drained by a water system. The largest watershed in the world is the mississippi river watershed.
  2. 7. The material carried by a stream. The size of the stream's load is affected by the stream’s speed.
  3. 8. When water flows out of the ground it forms a spring. springs are an important part of our drinking water.
  4. 9. A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater. Described as the ability to hold water.
  5. 10. This underground area is divided into two zones. Water collects into this zone.
  6. 12. Sharp icicle-shaped features that form on cave ceilings. Water that falls to the cave’s floor adds to cove-shaped features know as stalagmites.
  7. 14. The force that causes moving objects to slow down. less friction allows water to flow more easily.
  8. 16. The ability of a rock or sediment to let fluids pass through its open spaces, or pores. Allows the flow of water with no hesitation.
  9. 17. The percentage of the total volume of a rock or sediment that consist of open spaces. influenced by the differences in the size of the particles in the rock layer.
  10. 18. The groundwater where water enters an aquifer. Depends on how permeable rock is at the surface.
  11. 23. The ability of a rock or sediment to stop fluids from passing through its pores. Does not allows the flow of water.
  12. 24. The continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean. The water cycle is driven by energy from the sun.
  13. 26. A human-made hole that is deeper than the level of the water table. If it is not deep enough than it will end up as a dry well.
  14. 29. A spring whose water flows from a crack in the cap rock over the aquifer. Usually hot water.
  15. 30. The measure of the change in elevation over certain distance. A high gradient gives a stream or river more erosion energy to erode rock and soil.
  16. 31. Heavy material deposited at places in a river where current slows down. Some contain gold
  17. 32. Occurs when the water table is lower than the level of a cave. The cave is no longer supported by the water underneath.
  18. 34. A fan shaped mass of material deposited at the mouth of a stream. Usually occurs slowly.
Down
  1. 1. Rocks and soil deposited by deposition streams. Rivers and streams deposit sediment where the speed of the water current decreases.
  2. 2. The amount of water that a stream or river carries in a given amount of time. The discharge increases when a major storm occurs or when warm weather rapidly melts snow.
  3. 3. An area along a river that forms from sediments deposited when the river overflows its banks. Each flood adds another layer of sediment.
  4. 4. A barrier that can be built up to help control flooding. A dam can help prevent flooding in one area and make artificial lakes in others.
  5. 6. After rivers erode rock and soil, they drop, or deposit, their load downstream. This is one way flowing water erodes Earth’s surface.
  6. 11. Sloping layer of permeable rock sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock. Artesian spring form when water from an aquifer flows through cracks in the cap rock of an Artesian formation.
  7. 13. The boundary between drainage areas that have streams that flow in opposite direction. watersheds are separated from each other by an area called a divide.
  8. 15. A stream that flows into a lake or into a larger stream. A network of flowing water.
  9. 19. When streams become longer and wider. Over time it becomes longer and wider because of erosion.
  10. 20. This underground area is divided into two zones. meets at a boundary known as the water table.
  11. 21. A fan-shaped mass of material deposited by a stream when the slope of the land decreases sharply. Forms on dry land.
  12. 22. The process in which material is laid down. Rocks and soil deposited by deposition streams are called sediment.
  13. 24. The upper surface of underground water. The upper boundary of the zone of saturation.
  14. 25. The path that a stream follows. when a channel is first formed it is usually narrow and steep.
  15. 27. The process by which wind, water, ice or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another. Usually occurs in rivers and streams.
  16. 28. The permeable rock is an aquifer and the top layer of impermeable rock is called cap rock. Artesian spring form when water from an aquifer flows through cracks in the cap rock of an Artesian formation.
  17. 33. A barrier that can control the overflow from a river. Built up of sediment deposit along the channel of a river.