The Lymphatic and Immune System
Across
- 4. includes antimicrobial proteins stimulated during the first several days of an infection
- 7. molecule recognized by the receptors of B and T lymphocytes
- 8. two-chain receptor by which lymphocytes recognize antigen
- 11. cell damage caused by the binding of antibody and the activation of complement, usually against red blood cells
- 13. enzymatic cascade of constitutive blood proteins that have antipathogen effects, including the direct killing of bacteria
- 15. T cells that secrete cytokines to enhance other immune responses, involved in activation of both B and T cell lymphocytes
- 17. lipid-rich lymph inside the lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine
- 18. antipathogen defenses deriving from a barrier that physically prevents pathogens from entering the body to establish an infection
- 20. cells that secrete cytokines that induce B cells to differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells
- 23. (type IV) T cell-mediated immune response against pathogens infiltrating interstitial tissues, causing cellular infiltrate
- 26. cells that secrete cytokines that enhance the activity of macrophages and other cells
- 28. binding of processed antigen to the protein-binding cleft of a major histocompatibility complex molecule
- 31. antigen-specific protein secreted by plasma cells; immunoglobulin
- 32. early induced proteins made in virally infected cells that cause nearby cells to make antiviral proteins
- 33. lymphoid nodules associated with the nasopharynx
- 34. larger protein chain of an antibody
- 38. stimulating growth of lymphocytes that have specific receptors
- 39. class of antibody whose only known function is as a receptor on naive B cells; important in B cell activation
- 43. inflammation occurring for long periods of time
- 47. process during T cell differentiation where most T cells that recognize antigens from one’s own body are destroyed
- 48. group of lymphocytes sharing the same antigen receptor
- 49. large duct that drains lymph from the lower limbs, left thorax, left upper limb, and the left side of the head
- 50. soluble, short-range, cell-to-cell communication molecule
- 51. antibody that binds to mast cells and causes antigen-specific degranulation during an allergic response
- 52. study of the connections between the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems of the connections between the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems
- 56. secondary lymphoid organ that filters pathogens from the blood (white pulp) and removes degenerating or damaged blood cells (red pulp)
- 57. lymphocyte that acts by secreting molecules that regulate the immune system or by causing the destruction of foreign cells, viruses, and cancer cells
- 60. inflammation occurring for a limited time period; rapidly developing
- 62. fluid contained within the lymphatic system
- 64. cell found in the skin and the lining of body cells that contains cytoplasmic granules with vasoactive mediators such as histamine
- 66. process whereby B cells that react to soluble antigens in bone marrow are made nonfunctional
- 68. typing of MHC molecules between a recipient and donor for use in a potential transplantation procedure
- 69. removal of self-reactive B cells by inducing apoptosis
- 70. vasoactive mediator in granules of mast cells and is the primary cause of allergies and anaphylactic shock
- 72. internalization and digestion of antigen in an antigen-presenting cell
- 73. T lymphocytes with the ability to induce apoptosis in target cells
- 74. site where lymphocytes mature and proliferate; red bone marrow and thymus gland
- 75. enhancement of phagocytosis by the binding of antibody or antimicrobial protein
- 76. protein antibody; occurs as one of five main classes
- 77. immune cells with a direct, adverse effect on a pathogen
Down
- 1. white blood cells characterized by a large nucleus and small rim of cytoplasm
- 2. precursor to macrophages and dendritic cells seen in the blood
- 3. basic innate immune response characterized by heat, redness, pain, and swelling
- 5. immunity developed from an individual’s own immune system
- 6. immediate response mediated by mast cell degranulation caused by the crosslinking of the antigen-specific IgE molecules on the mast cell surface
- 9. mature B or T cell that has not yet encountered antigen for the first time
- 10. B cell tolerance induced in immature B cells of the bone marrow
- 12. large lymphatics that collect lymph from smaller lymphatic vessels and empties into the blood via lymphatic ducts
- 14. inactivation of a virus by the binding of specific antibody
- 16. lead out of a lymph node
- 19. first exposure to an antigen
- 21. ability of B cells to change the class of antibody they produce without altering the specificity for antigen
- 22. phagocytic white blood cell recruited from the bloodstream to the site of infection via the bloodstream
- 24. lead into a lymph node
- 25. rapid but relatively nonspecific immune response
- 27. unencapsulated patches of lymphoid tissue found throughout the body
- 29. series of barriers, cells, and soluble mediators that combine to response to infections of the body with pathogenic organisms
- 30. tissue found inside bones; the site of all blood cell differentiation and maturation of B lymphocytes
- 35. molecule expressed on cytotoxic T cells and NK cells that binds to the fas molecule on a target cell and induces it do undergo apoptosis
- 36. differentiated B cell that is actively secreting antibody
- 37. immature T cell found in the thymus
- 40. long-lived immune cell reserved for future exposure to a pathogen
- 41. lymphocytes that act by differentiating into an antibody-secreting plasma cell
- 42. ameboid phagocyte found in several tissues throughout the body
- 44. multiple MHC genes and their proteins found in body cells
- 45. immune response observed upon re-exposure to a pathogen, which is stronger and faster than a primary response
- 46. apoptosis-inducing substance contained in granules of NK cells and cytotoxic T cells
- 53. selection against thymocytes in the thymus that react with self-antigen
- 54. bag-like vessel that forms the beginning of the thoracic duct
- 55. found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, it binds to CD4 molecules on T cells
- 58. movement of material from the outside to the inside of the cells via vesicles made from invaginations of the plasma membrane
- 59. primary lymphoid organ; where T lymphocytes proliferate and mature
- 61. antibody whose monomer is a surface receptor of naive B cells; the pentamer is the first antibody made blood plasma during primary responses
- 63. found on most cells of the body, it binds to the CD8 molecule on T cells
- 65. in an antibody molecule, the site where the two termini of the heavy chains come together; many cells have receptors for this portion of the antibody, adding functionality to these molecules
- 67. main blood antibody of late primary and early secondary responses; passed from carrier to unborn child via placenta
- 71. antibody whose dimer is secreted by exocrine glands, is especially effective against digestive and respiratory pathogens, and can pass immunity to an infant through breastfeeding