The Middle Ages

4. exclusion from the Roman Catholic Church as a penalty for refusing to obey Church law
7. Carta effectively the first written constitution in European history
8. a young person learning a trade from a master
11. a medieval European monk who traveled from place to place preaching to the poor
12. having to do with worldly, rather than religious, matters; nonreligious
13. in the Middle Ages, an association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to uphold standards of their trade and to protect their economic interests
14. during the Middle Ages in Europe, a lord's estate thatincluded one or more villages and the surrounding lands
15. referring to the Middle Ages in Europe or the period of history between ancient and modern times
16. in medieval Europe, a lord who was granted land inexchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord
17. a European noble who served as a mounted warrior

1. a wandering poet or singer of medieval Europe
2. in the Middle Ages, a written document that set out the rights and privileges of a town
3. code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
5. money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise
6. in medieval Europe, a peasant bound to the lord's land
9. a mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to display their fighting skills
10. in medieval Europe, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty
11. loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord