The Middle Ages

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Across
  1. 2. a religion developed among the ancient Hebrews and characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets
  2. 8. the collections of laws and legal interpretations developed under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor from BCE 529 to 565
  3. 10. a house for persons under religious vows
  4. 11. the religion derived from Jesus Christ, based on the Bible as sacred scripture
  5. 15. the use of offensive operations carried out to capture a fortified place by surrounding it, severing its communications and supply lines
  6. 18. a prelate who as bishop of Rome is the head of the Roman Catholic Church
  7. 19. someone having spiritual or ecclesiastical supervision over others
  8. 21. a person who scourges themself as a public penance
  9. 22. a member of the British gentry ranking below a knight and above a gentleman
  10. 23. paid as a voluntary contribution or as a tax especially for the support of a religious establishment
  11. 25. military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to win the Holy Land from the Muslims
  12. 26. the act or practice of trading goods or services for other goods or services
  13. 27. a person of noble rank or birth
  14. 28. a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation
  15. 29. the era following the medieval era
  16. 30. a hand-drawn wooden bow held vertically and used especially by medieval English archers
Down
  1. 1. the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe
  2. 3. a warrior of olden times who fought on horseback, served a king, held a special military rank, and swore to behave in a noble way
  3. 4. a large, heavy gun usually mounted on a carriage
  4. 5. a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France
  5. 6. the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood
  6. 7. a severe epidemic of plague and especially bubonic plague that occurred in Asia and Europe in the 14th century
  7. 9. an ecclesiastical censure depriving a person of the rights of church membership
  8. 12. a system of political organization of land
  9. 13. one of the pirate Norsemen plundering the coasts of Europe in the 8th to 10th centuries
  10. 14. a charter of liberties to which the English barons forced King John to give his assent in June 1215 at Runnymede
  11. 16. a record of a survey of English lands and landholdings made by order of William the Conqueror about 1086
  12. 17. a person who differs in opinion from established religious opinions
  13. 20. the religious faith of belief in Allah as the sole deity and in Muhammad as his prophet
  14. 24. a person from an alien land, culture, or group believed to be inferior, uncivilized, or violent