The Middle Ages

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Across
  1. 3. head of the monastery and community of monks
  2. 4. a poor but free person who lives on and farms the land in exchange for protection
  3. 7. A government in which power is in the hands of a single person
  4. 9. pirates from northern Europe who invaded and stole from the villages along the coasts of Europe during the 8th to 10th centuries
  5. 11. the Church's own body of laws
  6. 12. strong military leader and first king of franks that united frankish tribes to be ruled by on eleader
  7. 14. A unified body of law formed from rulings of England's royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries
  8. 15. Projection from a wall to give additional support
  9. 18. an unwritten set of rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal
  10. 20. A medieval association of people working in the same occupation, which controlled its members' wages and prices
  11. 22. A political system in which nobles are granted use of lands that legally belong to the king in exchange for loyalty, military service, and protection of people living on the land
  12. 24. A time between 400 BCE to 1400 BCE. ________ Ages
  13. 25. the ruler of the land, the top position in the feudal government
  14. 28. another term for "classes"
  15. 32. the symbol used to identify members of a noble family
  16. 33. a tenth of ones income given to the church
  17. 36. people sent out to carry a religious message
  18. 37. Monastic community of either monks or nuns
Down
  1. 1. A lord's estate in feudal Europe
  2. 2. The head of the roman catholic church
  3. 4. A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
  4. 5. someone who pays rent to use land
  5. 6. a man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to pursue a life of total dedication to God
  6. 8. He was known as Charles the Great, he ruled most of what is now France and Germany. He united tribes in Cenntral and Western Europe into 1 empire
  7. 9. These were local lords at the bottom of the lordship hierarchy.
  8. 10. In medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback
  9. 13. a body of officials that perform religious services--such as priests, ministers, or rabbis
  10. 14. One of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from Muslims
  11. 15. Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people
  12. 16. A person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals
  13. 17. The land area that can be ploughed by one ox team in a day
  14. 19. Taking away a person's right of membership in the Christian church
  15. 21. a noble boy who is a servant to the knight as he is learning to be a knight
  16. 23. A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate
  17. 26. home to the king and the place of safety for the manor
  18. 27. A trainee in a particular trade
  19. 29. An estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe
  20. 30. title for the heads of the Eastern Orthodox Churches (in Istanbul and Alexandria and Moscow and Jerusalem)
  21. 31. the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth
  22. 34. heavy cloth woven with designs usually telling a story
  23. 35. A code of behavior for knights, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion
  24. 38. Minstrel or poet who glorified the virtues of the people and chieftains