The Practice of Statistics Chapter 8 & 9 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 5. A statistical property of a large family of distributions, including the Student's t-distribution.
  2. 7. states that the parameter is different from the null hypothesis value (it could be either larger or smaller).
  3. 8. if the p-value is smaller than the alpha.
  4. 11. measures how far a sample statistic diverges from what we would expect if the null hypothesis were true
  5. 13. the sample statistic when used to estimate the corresponding population parameter
  6. 15. Degree to which the sample is expected to deviate from the population
  7. 16. A range of values for a variable of interest; the specified probability is called the confidence level and the end points of the confidence interval are called the confidence limits
  8. 18. The probability, computed assuming Ho is true, that the statistic (such as p-hat or x-bar) would take a value as extreme as or more extreme than the one actually observed, in the direction specified by Ha.
  9. 19. The claim about the population that we are trying to find evidence for.
  10. 20. gives an interval of plausible values for a parameter. The interval is calculated from the data and has the form ( point estimate ± margin of error)
Down
  1. 1. The claim we weigh evidence against in a statistical test. Often a statement of "no difference."
  2. 2. A statistic providing an estimate of the possible magnitude to error. The larger, the less reliable the score.
  3. 3. States that a parameter is larger than the null hypothesis value or if it states that the parameter is smaller than the null value.
  4. 4. Single value that serves as an estimate of a population parameter
  5. 6. the probability that the test will reject the null hypothesis at a chosen significance level alpha when the specified alternative value of the parameter is true
  6. 9. Level of confidence that the results found within a study are generalizable to the population and not due to chance.
  7. 10. if we reject the null hypothesis when it is in fact true
  8. 12. A distribution specified by degrees of freedom used to model test statistics for the one-sample t test, the two-sample t test, etc. where σ ('s) is (are) unknown. Also used to obtain a confidence interval for estimating a population mean, or the difference between two populations means, etc.
  9. 14. we fail to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true
  10. 17. the difference between two numbers on the scale