The Reformation
Across
- 2. German Reformer who criticized problems in the church, especially the sale of indulgences. Pushed for the Bible in vernacular.
- 5. Treaty acknowledging the division of Christianity. Lutheranism was given equal standing with Catholicism; German rulers chose religion.
- 7. Under Suleiman the Magnificent they overran Hungary and moved into Austria where they were eventually driven back (Vienna 1529)
- 11. Reformer from Switzerland who removed color, music, relics, and images from the church. Died in battle.
- 12. Catholic daughter of Henry VIII. Infamous monarch who practiced hard-line policy toward protestants. "Queen of Scots" "Bloody"
- 14. Arguments that forced Luther to deny the authority of the pope and councils.
- 18. (4 words) A series of wars between Catholicism and the Huguenots. The turning point in these was the War of the 3 Henrys.
- 19. Luther’s condemnation of the problems in the church, namely the sale of indulgences.
- 21. Gave French Protestants the right to worship in selected areas and allowed them some fortified towns.
- 23. Holy Roman Emperor who fought bitterly against the Turks. Participated in the Hapsburg-Valois Wars.
- 24. Wrote Handbook of the Christian Knight, popularized the reform program of Christian humanism.
- 25. Radical Protestant group, attractive to peasants and workers. Heavily persecuted; believed in adult baptism and voluntary church membership.
Down
- 1. (Name before becoming king) Defeated the other two of similar name to rule the southern French kingdom. Converted from Catholicism to Calvinism and back several times.
- 3. Wars fought over disputed territory between France and the Holy Roman Empire. Prevented the Holy Roman Emperor from dealing with the Lutheran problem.
- 4. Separated England from Catholic Church. Founded and headed the Church of England. Famous for having multiple wives, and beheading two of them.
- 6. Work describing an ideal society where cooperation replaced competition.
- 8. Protestant daughter of Henry VIII. Ruled 1558-1603, one of the longest by any English monarch. Ruled during the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
- 9. Work by Erasmus criticizing corrupt practices of church, immorality in clergy, and problems in society.
- 10. Last great king of Spain. Militant Catholic; "Champion of Catholicism across Europe." Sent Spanish Armada to England.
- 13. (4 words) Violence erupting in 1566 as a result of Philip II's attempt to crush Calvinism. Led to a tighter grip on this state.
- 15. Religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola which stressed adherence to papal authority and spread Catholicism worldwide.
- 16. The failed invasion meant England would remain a protestant state and was a psychological and fiscal blow to the attackers.
- 17. French Organizer of the Protestant Reformation, emphasized predestination.
- 20. Proponent for the sale of indulgences. “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”
- 22. Wrote Utopia, describing his concerns regarding the society of his day. Beheaded by Henry VIII for his loyalty to Catholicism.