The Renaissance and Reformation

2. describes any ideal society with the implication that such a society is ultimately impractical.
3. a branch of mathematics partially developed by Issac Newton and used to explain his laws. It is still applied today.
6. this allowed Renaissance artist to create realistic art. By making distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer, artist could paint scenes that appeared three-dimensional.
9. a region that included parts of present day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
11. a separate quarter of the city in Venice were Jews were forced to live in 1516.
12. met off and on for almost 20 years. It reaffirmed traditional Catholic views, declared salvation comes through faith and good works, and it also took steps to end corruption in the Church.
13. subjects such as: grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history.
16. In 1517, a priest named Johann Tetzel set up a pulpit on the outskirts of this German town.
19. the study of the classical culture of Greece and Rome, but used to increase their understanding of their own times.
20. an artist etches a design on to a metal plate with acid.
24. theory that the sun is the center of the universe.

1. required scientists to collect and accurately measure data.
3. means acceptable middle ground.
4. religious groups
5. a government run by church leaders.
7. a financial supporter of the arts.
8. the Italian city where the Renaissance started.
10. required scientists to collect and accurately measure data.
14. paying money to lessen the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory, a place where souls too impure to enter heaven atoned for sins committed during their lifetimes.
15. Everyday language of ordinary people.
17. the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation.
18. means to be recognized as a saint.
21. a single force that keeps planets in their orbits around the sun.
22. means an assembly of German princes.
23. In 1541, Protestants of this Swiss city-state asked John Calvin to lead their community.