The Universe

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Across
  1. 4. The study of how the position, motion and properties of celestial objects affect people and events on Earth.
  2. 6. The apparent change in wavelength (frequency) when the source of the waves or the observer is moving.
  3. 7. The stars that maintain a hydrostatic equilibrium for millions of year.
  4. 10. A spectrum with dark bands missing from the pattern, where the element has absorbed characteristic light wavelengths. It occurs in the energy created by nuclear fusion within a sat in the form of light containing every wavelength and colour possible. The outer layer of gas around the star contains atoms that will absorb specific wavelength resulting in dark bands (the absorbed light) in the spectrum.
  5. 11. A stars actual brightness(amount of energy radiated) measured using the absolute magnitude scale.
  6. 13. differently shaped galaxies
  7. 17. Circle galaxy
  8. 20. If a neutron star collapses further, its gravitational pull and density become so huge that not even light can escape.
  9. 22. Giant balls of hot glowing gas that can vary in size, mass, temperature, and brightness.
  10. 23. The apparent increase in frequency (towards the blue of the spectrum) of light from galaxies that are moving towards the Earth.
  11. 24. Groups of stars held together by gravity.
  12. 26. A star that has become large and bright with cool surface, because it has run out of hydrogen fuel.
  13. 27. the hydrogen available for nuclear fusion starts to run out leading to increased gravity, pressure and temperatures in the centre of the star, and helium atoms fuse together to form carbon. This fusion results in more energy being released and the star expands to become a red giant.
  14. 29. twirl galaxy
  15. 30. How bright a star appears when viewed form Earth.
Down
  1. 1. The balance of inward forces to outward forces.
  2. 2. How far light travels in a year.
  3. 3. the element that undergoes nuclear fusion
  4. 5. Cosmic Microwave Background is a form of electromagnetic radiation and is a remnant of all the hydrogen released in the big bang.
  5. 8. The apparent decrease in frequency (towards the red end of the spectrum) of light from galaxies that are moving away from the Earth.
  6. 9. A reaction in which two lighter nuclei fuse together to form to make a heavier nuclei releasing energy.
  7. 10. How bright a star actually is if it was compared with other stars the same distance from Earth.
  8. 12. A diagram that shows a plot of stars absolute magnitude (brightness) on the vertical axis versus the stars temperature on the horizontal axis.
  9. 14. Heavy red giants
  10. 15. The element that undergoes nuclear fusion.
  11. 16. The pattern in wavelengths (or frequency) that appear as colored lines in a spectroscope; it is unique to each element. Gas near a star will absorb some of the stars emitted energy and become excited, once they return to its stable state and emit the unique bands of light energy it absorbed.
  12. 18. A galaxy that contains Earth
  13. 19. The theory that the universe began as a hot, dense, single point at some time in the past, and since then has expanded and will continue to expand in the future.
  14. 21. The study of the universe and its contents outside of the earth's atmosphere
  15. 25. A small, highly dense star made mostly of neutron after a supernova.
  16. 28. The release of energy from the hydrogen atoms forces the gas particles out, while the force from gravity pulls the atoms in.These two forces become balanced so that the star stabilises to a consistent size.
  17. 30. Use constellations as a calendar by looking into the night sky, to know when and what to hunt.