Thermodynamics Vocabulary

3. a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance.
4. a change from one state to another without a change in chemical composition.
6. the temperature at which liquid boils and turns into vapor.
9. energy transferring between to substances until they are equal in temperature.
12. a phase transition that occurs at temperatures below the boiling point at a given pressure.
14. have no energy transferred between them, so no heat.
15. the entropy of an isolated system never decreases.
18. the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram by 1 degree.

1. energy transferred through movement of the heated substance.
2. the temperature at which a given solid will melt.
5. the boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure surrounding the liquid.
7. a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic systems.
8. a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming a liquid.
10. quantity representing the unavailability of a system’s thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work.
11. the part of the total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object or sample of matter that results in the system temperature.
13. the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid when cooled.
16. the energy transferred between particles or substances.
17. energy is transferred through electromagnetic waves.
19. the transfer of energy between substances in direct contact of each other.