Topic 1-3 Review

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Across
  1. 1. A political movement espousing a strong state government, national pride, and economic development in opposition to "imperialist" outside influences. Sometimes, but not always, there is a commitment to defending the poor majority.
  2. 5. This crop was the backbone of the colonial Brazilian export economy.
  3. 9. A Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Inca Empire in the 1530s.
  4. 11. A cluster of political ideals, emphasizing freedoms, of various civil, political, and economic kinds.
  5. 13. Leader of the Aztec Empire who was tricked into allowing Cortes' army into the capital city in 1521. He was taken hostage during the invasion and slaughter of the city.
  6. 15. A Mesoamerican empire that united numerous, small, independent states under a single monarch. In 1521, they were conquered by Hernan Cortes.
  7. 18. A basic principle of social control, in which a ruling class dominates others ideologically, with a minimum of physical force, by making its dominance seem natural and inevitable.
  8. 20. The process by which King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella pushed the Moors out of Spain.
  9. 21. Mining this ore was the backbone of the colonial Spanish American export economy
  10. 22. The Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire and set the precedent for other plundering conquistadores.
  11. 24. Mesoamerica, South America, and the Caribbean Islands that were first colonized by the Portuguese,Spanish, and French.
  12. 25. The peninsula in southwestern Europe in which modern Portugal and Spain are located.
  13. 26. A pattern of indigenous life in which people were constantly on the move and depended on hunting and gathering for food.
Down
  1. 2. The creative interaction between two cultures, resulting in a new culture. This process of interaction between Europeans, Africans, and indigenous Americans created distinctive Latin American cultures.
  2. 3. The geographical climate zone in Latin America that is semiarid and cooled by its altitude.
  3. 4. An institution whereby groups of indigenous people were legally "entrusted" to a Spanish conquerer with the duty of paying him labor and/or tribute. In return the Spaniard was to provide instruction in Catholicism.
  4. 5. The modern South American countries of Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay, that lie mostly or entirely outside of the tropics.
  5. 6. A 20% tax on Spanish mining.
  6. 7. This civilization rose to prominence earlier than the Aztecs and ruled over a large area of Mesoamerica. Within the territory a series of kingdoms were built around ritual centers rather than cities.
  7. 8. A general principle of male superiority within society.
  8. 10. The Spanish ruler who funded the explorations of Christopher Columbus.
  9. 12. A pattern of indigenous life typical of forest environments in which groups practiced shifting agriculture and moved their villages every few years.
  10. 14. A social hierarchy encoded in law and based on inherited characteristics, real or imagined, as opposed to socioeconomic factors. The system in Latin America corresponded more or less to race.
  11. 16. Pattern of indigenous life that was non-nomadic and had fully sustainable agriculture that allowed for the formation of cities and large, complex social organizations.
  12. 17. The wandering frontier raiders of colonial Brazil. Their chief activity was slave hunting.
  13. 19. An administrator in the Portuguese & Spanish colonies who acted in the place of the king.
  14. 23. An empire in the Andean highland valleys of Peru that was conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1533.
  15. 27. Formerly called "the Discovery of America," this marks the moment when the worlds of Native Americans and Europeans collided, changing both forever.