Topic 1: Intro to Earth's Systems

2. process in which mapmakers determine distances and elevations using instruments and the principles of geometry
6. relatively thin layer of gases that form Earth’s outermost layer
7. group of parts that work together as a whole
11. line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or lake
12. parts of the Earth that contain living organisms
13. portion of the hydrosphere that is frozen, including all the ice and snow on land, plus sea and lake ice
14. exact copy of something on a much smaller scale
17. form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet or hail
18. portion of the Earth that consists of water in any of its forms, including oceans, glaciers, rivers, lakes, groundwater and water vapor
20. change in state from a gas to a liquid
21. hole sunk into the ground to reach a supply of water
22. ability to do work and cause change
23. process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas
25. underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water

1. landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake
3. natural stream of water that flows into another body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or another river
4. process by which water is lost through plant leaves
5. densest parts of the Earth that include the crust, mantle, and core
8. continual movement of water among Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land surface through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation
9. feature on the surface of the Earth, such as a coastline, dune or mountain
10. land area that supplies water to a river system
14. landform with high elevation and high relief
15. series of changes that happen over time and lead to an expected result
16. process in which a signal or action triggers another signal or action
19. hill of sand piled up by the wind
24. shape of the land determined by elevation, relief and landforms