Topic 1 Key Terms Crossword

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Across
  1. 2. control refers to having conscious control of the muscle
  2. 5. system a rigid structure made of bones that provides support, protection and sites to which muscles attach to create movement
  3. 6. or nothing’ principle states that if the nerve impulse meets a certain threshold, maximal action occurs in the muscle fibre. If the stimulation is less than threshold, no muscle action occurs in the muscle fibre.
  4. 9. a tough, fibrous connective tissue located at the end of bones and between joints. It protects bones by absorbing the impact experienced in movements such as jumping.
  5. 14. inhibition the process of one muscle contracting (agonist) while the other muscle relaxes (antagonist) to create movement
  6. 17. principle states that the recruitment of motor units in skeletal muscles starts with small motor units to large motor units
  7. 18. a rigid structure that rotates around a fixed point
  8. 20. usually attached to the bone that moves most when the muscle contracts. It is further (or distal) from the body’s midline.
  9. 21. unit consists of one motor neuron and the muscle fibre it stimulates. (Each neuron may stimulate a number of muscle fibres.)
  10. 22. position standing erect, facing forward with arms by the side and palms facing forward
  11. 24. the fixed point of attachment that is closer (or proximal) to the body’s midline
  12. 25. a strong fibrous band of connective tissue that holds together two or more moveable bones or cartilage
  13. 26. the muscle that assists the agonist to produce the required movement
  14. 28. plates (or growth plates) the growth centre of developing bones
Down
  1. 1. the 33 moveable and immoveable bones that make up the vertebral column
  2. 3. a mineral found mainly in the hard part of bones and which is essential for healthy bones. It is also important for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, enzyme activity and blood clotting.
  3. 4. the smallest unit of muscle contraction
  4. 7. a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones
  5. 8. column (or spine) the column of irregular bones comprised of three distinct curves that provides the body’s central structure for the maintenance of good posture
  6. 10. individual protein filaments of myosin (thick filament) and actin (thin filament) that make up a myofibril
  7. 11. control refers to having no conscious control of the muscle
  8. 12. the muscle that causes the major action (prime mover)
  9. 13. a substance found in red blood cells that transports oxygen around the body
  10. 15. contraction when the muscle length shortens as the force is being produced
  11. 16. the group of muscles that ensures that the joint remains stable during movement
  12. 19. the muscle that relaxes and lengthens to allow movement to occur
  13. 23. joint a freely moveable joint that allows movement in one or more directions, and has a joint capsule
  14. 27. contraction when a force is developed but there is no change in the muscle length
  15. 28. contraction when the muscle length lengthens as the force is being produced