Topic 1: Reconstruction

3. federal agency created to provide aid for emancipated slaves and war refugees.
5. the period during which the federal government controlled the states that had seceded from the Union during the Civil War.
10. a negative term for Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War.
11. a group of Republican political leaders dedicated to imposing harsh conditions on the states that had seceded from the Union during the Civil War.
14. the constitutional amendment, ratified in July 1868, which guaranteed full citizenship status and rights to every person born in the United States, protected due process, and guaranteed equal protection of the law.
15. state laws passed throughout the South to enforce racial segregation of public facilities

1. a law that required a majority of prewar voters in Confederate states to swear loyalty to the Union before restoration could begin.
2. the constitutional amendment, ratified in February 1870, which guaranteed voting rights to all males regardless of race.
4. a system in which a farmer tends to a portion of a planter's land in return for a share of the crop.
6. an agreement by which Rutherford B. Hayes won the 1876 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove all remaining federal troops from the South.
7. a secret society formed in the South with the intention of promoting white supremacy and denying African Americans the exercise of their new rightsenforcementacts congressional laws, also known as the Ku Klux Klan Acts, that made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote.
8. the period during which the federal government controlled the states that had seceded from the Union during the Civil War
9. a negative term for a southern white who supported the Republican Party after the Civil War
12. a term for white southern Democrats who returned to political power after 1870.
13. laws that restricted African Americans' rights and opportunities.