Topic 19: Ecosystem - KEYWORDS REVIEW 1 : ECOLOGY, ENERGY FLOW & FOOD RELATIONSHIPS

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Across
  1. 3. The scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment, including interactions between biotic and abiotic surroundings
  2. 4. One of the ways energy is lost along a food chain — energy egested in ___ is not passed to the next trophic level
  3. 5. The mass of an organism after all water has been removed by heating in an oven; used to measure biomass
  4. 7. The main form in which energy is lost at each trophic level; energy lost as ___ cannot be recycled
  5. 10. A pyramid of ____ is a diagram that shows the number of individuals present at each trophic level of a food chain at a particular time
  6. 11. Organisms (bacteria and fungi) that break down dead and decaying organic material, releasing nutrients back into the environment
  7. 14. An animal that gets its energy by eating other animals
  8. 17. Describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem — it is one-way and linear, not returned to the sun
  9. 18. A pyramid of ____ is a diagram that shows the dry mass of organisms present at each trophic level at a particular time; usually has a more traditional upright shape
  10. 19. A pyramid of ____ is a diagram showing the total energy available at each trophic level over a certain period of time; always has a standard pyramid shape; the most reliable of the three pyramids
  11. 21. The amount of energy _____ is only about 10% of chemical energy passes from one trophic level to the next; the rest (~90%) is lost mainly as heat during metabolic processes
  12. 22. Organisms that are eaten by predators
  13. 24. The metabolic process through which organisms release energy; occurs at every trophic level and is a major cause of energy loss as heat
  14. 26. An animal that eats both plants and animals
  15. 28. The position of an organism in a food chain, food web, or ecological pyramid
Down
  1. 1. A unit containing the community of organisms and their environment, interacting together
  2. 2. The way in which living organisms depend on each other in order to remain alive, grow and reproduce (e.g. bees and flowers)
  3. 6. A carnivore that eats the dead remains of animals killed by predators
  4. 8. The process by which green plants use light energy to make organic nutrients; only 1% of sunlight entering the ecosystem is trapped this way
  5. 9. An animal that gets its energy by eating plants; also called a primary consumer
  6. 12. A microorganism that feeds on dead organic materials; secretes extracellular enzymes and reabsorbs the liquid products of digestion
  7. 13. Shows the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer; each arrow means "is eaten by"
  8. 14. An organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms
  9. 15. An organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight through photosynthesis; forms the first trophic level
  10. 16. The non-living component of an organism's surroundings (e.g. light, temperature, soil pH, water)
  11. 20. An organism that hunts and feeds on other organisms; the organisms it eats are called the prey
  12. 23. A network of interconnected food chains that shows the complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem
  13. 25. The living component of an organism's surroundings (e.g. predators, competitors, food organisms)
  14. 27. The form of energy stored in organic molecules; converted from light energy during photosynthesis and passed along food chains through feeding