Topic 4
Across
- 1. complex networks showing who eats whom in aquatic ecosystems
- 6. another term for surface run-off
- 11. organisms used to assess the health of an ecosystem
- 13. the area above the water table where soil pores contain air and water
- 14. any place where water is stored, such as lakes, reservoirs, or glaciers
- 15. a composite measure of water quality using various indicators
- 17. precipitation that is caught and held by vegetation before reaching the ground
- 18. organisms that eat primary producers
- 19. increased river discharge resulting from surface run-off after a storm
- 20. the downward movement of water through soil and rock layers
- 21. the process by which water vapor cools and turns into liquid droplets
- 24. an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or sediments
- 25. the flow of intercepted water down the stems or trunks of plants
- 28. water stored beneath the Earth's surface in soil and rock crevices
- 29. the flow of groundwater into rivers, lakes, or oceans
- 34. a layer of impermeable rock that prevents water from flowing through it
- 35. the percentage of pore space in soil available to hold water
- 38. limit on the number or weight of fish that can be caught
- 40. the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, oceans, and land
- 41. the portion of streamflow that comes from groundwater seeping into the river
- 43. the process of water being added to an aquifer from surface infiltration
- 44. the area below the water table where all soil pores are filled with water
- 48. increase in concentration of substances up the food chain
- 49. organisms that eat secondary consumers
- 54. an area of land where all water drains into a common waterway
- 55. the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and aquatic plants
- 57. water that collects on the surface of the ground, such as rivers and lakes
- 59. the upward movement of nutrient-rich water from deep in the ocean
- 60. the combined process of evaporation and transpiration
- 61. a graph showing the flow of a river over time
- 63. a surface or material that does not allow water to pass through easily
- 64. removing fish from a body of water at a rate faster than they can reproduce
- 65. the input of nutrients into an ecosystem, often leading to eutrophication
- 66. water flowing over the land surface toward rivers, lakes, or oceans
- 67. water released from clouds in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail
- 68. the process of water seeping into the soil from the surface
- 69. a surface or material that allows water to pass through easily
- 70. situation where individuals deplete a shared resource by acting in their own self-interest
- 71. organisms that eat primary consumers
- 72. nutrient enrichment of water bodies leading to excessive algae growth
Down
- 2. the change of water from solid ice directly to water vapor without becoming liquid
- 3. the positions organisms occupy in a food chain or food web
- 4. large plastic debris such as bottles and fishing nets
- 5. small drifting animals that feed on phytoplankton
- 7. decrease in ocean pH due to absorption of carbon dioxide
- 8. runoff water from rain or melting snow that flows over surfaces into water bodies
- 9. buildup of substances, such as pesticides, in an organism
- 10. an area of ocean where human activity is limited to conserve marine life
- 12. the upper surface of the saturated zone of groundwater
- 16. the movement of water through aquifers beneath the surface
- 22. amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water
- 23. the highest catch that can be maintained over time without depleting the stock
- 26. aquatic plants large enough to be visible without a microscope
- 27. the maximum amount of water soil can hold after excess water has drained away
- 30. the upward movement of water through soil due to surface tension
- 31. tiny plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size
- 32. pollution from a single identifiable source, such as a factory discharge pipe
- 33. the relationship between inputs and outputs of water in a system
- 36. microscopic plants in aquatic environments that perform photosynthesis
- 37. the amount of water held in the soil
- 39. accumulation of plastic objects and particles in Earth's environment
- 42. the horizontal movement of water vapor from one location to another
- 45. the transformation of water from liquid to vapor due to heat
- 46. pollution from diffuse sources, like agricultural runoff
- 47. cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by suspended solids
- 49. lateral movement of water through the soil toward streams or rivers
- 50. the area from which rainfall flows into a river, lake, or reservoir
- 51. tool used to measure water transparency or turbidity
- 52. organisms that make their own food from sunlight or chemicals
- 53. low oxygen levels in a body of water
- 56. the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
- 58. the release of water vapor from plant leaves into the atmosphere
- 62. absence of oxygen in a body of water