Topic 5 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. a structure that forms in Earth’s crust when molten material reaches Earth’s surface
  2. 4. an explanation for why a phenomenon
  3. 10. an idea that can be tested by experimentation or investigation
  4. 11. boundary where two tectonic plates move together, or converge
  5. 12. the condition of undisturbed sedimentary rock in which the oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top
  6. 14. process in which a dense plate sinks under a less dense plate and melts in Earth’s mantle
  7. 15. one giant continent into which most or all of the continents were assembled long ago
  8. 16. the idea that the continents were once fused together but slowly drifted apart over time
  9. 18. shaking and trembling that result from tectonic plate movement
  10. 19. molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from Earth’s mantle
  11. 21. structure that forms when magma rises into Earth’s crust but is trapped and can’t break through to the surface, causing pressure to build over time ad finally erupt
  12. 22. boundary where two tectonic plates move away, or diverge, from one another
Down
  1. 1. boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other in opposite directions
  2. 3. the area under ocean water
  3. 5. a rating of an earthquake’s magnitude, on a scale from 0-9, based on the size if its seismic waves
  4. 6. a break in the rock of Earth’s crust or mantle
  5. 7. vibrations that travel through Earth carrying energy
  6. 8. area of the mantle where hot rock rises upward
  7. 9. a type of thermal energy transfer in which differences in temperature and density of fluids make them rise and fall
  8. 13. more than a dozen distinct plates that make up Earth’s surface and slowly move in different directions
  9. 17. magma that has reached Earth’s surface
  10. 20. description of a repeated pattern observed in nature, without an explanation for the pattern