Topic 6.2 Defence against infectious disease

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Across
  1. 3. A soluble blood protein essential to blood clotting. The conversion of fibrinogen to its active, insoluble form (fibrin) is among the final steps in clot formation, and is triggered by thrombin. (10)
  2. 6. An enzyme in blood plasma that causes the clotting of blood by converting fibrinogen to fibrin. (8)
  3. 8. Proteins in the plasma that serve to activate various parts of the blood clotting process by being transformed from inactive to active forms. Also known as coagulation factors. (8, 7)
  4. 12. Cells that develop from b cells and produce antibodies. (6, 5)
  5. 16. ___-_________ immunity: Defences that stop the invasion of pathogens; requires no previous encounter with a pathogen (3-8)
  6. 17. Chemical substances which interfere with prokaryotic metabolism and are used as drugs to fight bacterial infections. (10)
  7. 19. A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells - part of the non-specific immune response (12)
  8. 20. ___________ cells: B lymphocytes that do not become plasma cells but remain dormant until reactivated by the same antigen. (6)
  9. 21. Protein that is produced by lymphocytes and that attaches to a specific antigen. (10)
Down
  1. 1. Membrane that secretes mucus that lubricates the surface of organs and keeps them moist and forms a primary defence against pathogens that cause infectious disease (6, 8)
  2. 2. Name of scientists who experimentally made small number of mice made sick with bacteria, half were given penicillin and the other half nothing, those who ingested penicillin lived (6, 3, 5)
  3. 4. A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. (8)
  4. 5. Fragments of fibrinogen that are removed in process of forming insoluble fibrin. (15)
  5. 7. Disease caused by HIV (4)
  6. 9. Cell fragments in blood that help prevent blood loss, also called platelets. (12)
  7. 10. A primary defence against pathogens that cause infectious disease (4)
  8. 11. ____________ immunity: Acquired or adaptive immunity: recognise specific agents, adapt/respond and target those agents (8)
  9. 13. The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: b lymphocytes and t lymphocytes (11)
  10. 14. An insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood. It forms a fibrous mesh that impedes the flow of blood. (6)
  11. 15. Coronary _____________: Obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot (10)
  12. 18. A nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell - not possible to treat with antibiotics. (5)