Topic 7 – Organic Chemistry

4. A process that involves breaking down larger hydrocarbons to produce smaller more useful molecules. Cracking can be done by catalytic cracking or steam cracking.
5. Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels releases energy. During combustion, the carbon and hydrogen in the fuels are oxidised.
8. Large long-chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds.
9. Water and carbon dioxide are the only products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon.
11. Long-chain hydrocarbons are heated to turn them into a gas. The vapour is then passed over a hot powdered aluminium oxide catalyst. The long chain molecules split apart on the surface of the catalyst.
13. Long-chain hydrocarbons are heated to turn them into a gas. The hydrocarbon vapour is then mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature which caused them to split into smaller molecules.

1. A method of separating a mixture of substances according to their different boiling points. Commonly used to separate crude oil into different fractions.
2. Molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
3. the most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil. Alkanes have the generalformulaCnH 2n+2.
5. A finite resource found in rocks. It is the remains of an ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud. Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons.
6. A chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically. Ethanol is produced when sugar solutions are fermented using yeast.
7. A chain of amino acids.
10. contain the functional group –OH. The first four members of a homologous series of alcohols are methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol.
12. hydrocarbons with a double bond between two of the carbon atoms.They have the general formula CnH2n+2