Topic 8

3. Cloning where gene copies are made outside of a living organism using PCR.
6. A length of DNA that is complementary to a target gene sequence that has a fluorescent or radioactive marker attached.
9. Determining the DNA sequence of a gene or whole organism.
10. Sequences that read the same in opposite directions.
11. The whole of the genetic information of an organism.
12. Takes up pieces of DNA and inserts them into a different cell.
17. A solution that regulates pH and prevents a mixture becoming too acidic or alkaline.
18. A section of DNA with genes from two separate species.
19. A device that creates short sequences of DNA (oligonucleotides) that do not have to be present in nature.

1. A sequence of 2 to 50 nucleotides that repeat hundreds of times in a row in a DNA strand.
2. Organisms that have had their DNA modified using gene technology.
4. Cloning where gene copies are made within a living organism.
5. A technique where agarose gel is placed in buffer to separate fragments of DNA by size.
7. The process of altering mutated alleles inside cells to treat genetic disorders and cancer.
8. An enzyme that joins two ends of DNA together, forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides.
13. A short length of base pairs longer on one strand of DNA than the other, created by restriction endonucleases.
14. Genetic ___________ advises patients and relatives about the risks of genetic disorders and most effective treatments.
15. The full range of proteins made within a cell.
16. A __________ is a glass slide with microscopic spots of different gene probes attached to screen for multiple genes simultaneously.
20. DNA made from mRNA using reverse transcriptase.