Ultrasonography

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Across
  1. 2. An imaging development that allowed sonographers to visualize the direction of blood flow which has been especially helpful in vascular studies.
  2. 4. A structure or region that produces a similar number of echoes as surrounding tissue.
  3. 6. A study used to produce better diagnostic images of the uterus and ovaries than conventional scanning where masses within the uterus are well defined and abnormal accumulation of fluid surrounding uterus are easily detected.
  4. 9. Effect An electromechanical property of the special ceramic crystals within the transducer to vibrate and create sound waves in response to electrical current.
  5. 11. Imaging A type of imaging where 2 modalities (like MRI or CT and sonography) are combined to create a single study to demonstrate anatomy and function together.
  6. 12. A tool used to eliminate air between the transducer and the skin surface which helps better conduction of sound waves and creates clearer images
  7. 14. The ability of a structure or region to reflect sound energy.
  8. 15. A procedure done under ultrasound guidance where a needle is used to withdraw some amniotic fluid from the for general analysis and determining any genetic conditions that the baby may have.
  9. 16. Dynamic A technological development that allowed sonographers to view the anatomy in real-time during the scan.
  10. 18. A structure or region that doesn’t produce any echoes and is seen as black on the image.
  11. 21. A technology that was the first step towards the development of medical ultrasound developed in WWI and WWII.
  12. 22. Scan A type of ultrasound scan used in trauma situations in the emergency department, especially for chest, abdomen, and pelvis imaging. The name of this scan is an acronym for extended focus assessment with sonography for trauma.
  13. 24. Shift A shift in frequency that occurs as a result of sound waves interacting with moving objects, like blood flowing, that helps to determine the direction and velocity of flowing blood.
  14. 27. A type of transducer that uses energies between 5 and 7 MHz and is used for exams on average to small abdomens.
  15. 31. A pathology that appears as an anechoic area with well-defined borders.
  16. 32. Seen as a series of peaks on the US monitor with the height of the peaks representing the intensity of the returning echo.
  17. 33. Grayscale images formed based on the intensity of the returning echoes.
  18. 34. An imaging professional that must be highly competent in anatomy, physiology, specialized equipment, procedures, communication skills, pathophysiology, and sectional anatomy to provide a complete assessment of a structure or system through ultrasound.
Down
  1. 1. A structure or region that is highly reflective compared to surrounding structures and is seen as white on the image.
  2. 3. A type of transducer that uses energies of 3.5 MHz and is used for exams on larger patients.
  3. 5. System A type of sonography system that converts the ultrasound image to a digital format for processing, manipulation, viewing, and storage, often has a significant increase in dynamic range, and is equipped with 3D and 4D imaging.
  4. 7. Shadow A shadow created behind solid masses, like stones, due to sound wave interference because the signal isn’t able to penetrate through the stone.
  5. 8. An ultrasound study of the heart used to detect pericardial effusion, septal defects, heart valve defects, and to provide information about the chambers.
  6. 10. A change to biological tissue through thermal and/or mechanical energy during an ultrasound.
  7. 13. A technique that uses sonography to compare the mechanical properties of tissues and their relative stiffness to distinguish between benign and malignant tissues.
  8. 17. A way to display the movement of a structure on a scale, often used in echocardiography to demonstrate the movement of heart valves and walls.
  9. 19. Doppler An ultrasound technique that measures and displays the velocities and direction of blood within a vessel, where changes in velocity and direction are seen as dots on a scale where velocity is indicated on the vertical axis and time is represented along the horizontal axis.
  10. 20. A type of transducer that uses energies up to 17 MHz and is used when minimal penetration is required for high-resolution images.
  11. 23. Flow Doppler A Doppler scan in which colour is added to the images to indicate the direction of movement (most commonly of blood flow) in relation to the transducer.
  12. 25. A part of the ultrasound machine that produces high-frequency sound waves (through the vibration of special ceramic elements caused by electrical current), receives the echoes from within the body, and then converts these signals back to electrical energy.
  13. 26. Mode A mode where a transducer sends out short bursts of sound energy followed by silent periods to listen for returning echoes that are then measured and depicted on viewing monitors as varying shades of gray according to their intensity and time that they take to return to the transducer.
  14. 28. A structure or region that produces fewer echoes than surrounding structures and is seen as dark on the image.
  15. 29. Mode A mode commonly used in vascular studies where a transducer sends and receives sound energy continuously.
  16. 30. An imaging modality that uses sound waves and their reflected echoes to produce diagnostic medical images without the use of ionizing radiation.