Unit 11 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. two valves set between the atria and ventricles to prevent backflow; includes the mitral (bicuspid) on the left and the tricuspid on the right.
  2. 4. innermost layer of the serous pericardium that lines the surface of the heart, also called epicardium.
  3. 6. valves that prevent blood return to the ventricles after contraction
  4. 9. the blood volume (in liters) ejected per minute by each ventricle.
  5. 12. the membranous sac enveloping the heart.
  6. 13. the endothelial membrane lining the interior of the heart.
  7. 16. an abnormal, excessively rapid heart rate; over 100 beats per minute.
  8. 17. the innermost lining of blood vessels made of endothelium on a basement membrane; the only layer forming a capillary wall.
  9. 19. outermost layer of blood vessel walls made of fibrous connective tissue.
  10. 21. the resistance to blood flow offered by the systemic blood vessels; a measure of the amount of friction encountered by blood.
  11. 22. the arterial blood pressure during ventricular relaxation (diastole).
  12. 23. the middle layer of blood vessel walls containing smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
  13. 25. minute artery
  14. 28. large artery connecting the right ventricle with the pulmonary arteries.
  15. 30. a volume of blood ejected by a ventricle during systole.
  16. 31. layer of a serous membrane that tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is actually part of the heart wall
  17. 36. large vein that carries blood from veins inferior to the diaphragm back to the right atrium.
  18. 37. of relaxation of the heart during which it fills with blood.
  19. 40. the broad, posterosuperior aspect of the heart where large vessels enter or leave the heart
  20. 41. a local decrease in blood supply.
  21. 42. a vessel carrying blood away from the tissues toward the heart.
  22. 43. organ system that distributes blood to all parts of the body.
  23. 44. outermost layer of the serous pericardium that lines the interior surface of the fibrous pericardium.
  24. 45. the contraction phase of heart activity.
  25. 47. loose-fitting sac surrounding the heart that anchors the heart to surrounding structures.
Down
  1. 1. system of blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange.
  2. 3. the pressure generated by the left ventricle during systole.
  3. 5. veins that drain the myocardium and empty into the coronary sinus.
  4. 7. large vein that carries blood from veins superior to the diaphragm back to the right atrium.
  5. 8. slow heart rate, usually defined as a rate under 60 beats per minute.
  6. 10. tendinous chords that anchor the flaps of the closed AV valves to prevent inversion and backflow of blood.
  7. 11. a leakage of fluid into the air sacs and tissue of the lungs.
  8. 14. the pressure exerted by blood against the inner walls of blood vessels.
  9. 15. discharging chambers of the heart
  10. 18. arteries that branch off the aorta and supply the myocardium.
  11. 20. the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that houses the heart.
  12. 24. the mass of specialized myocardial cells in the wall of the right atrium
  13. 26. the modified cardiac muscle fibers of the conduction system of the heart that carry impulses to the myocardium.
  14. 27. system of blood vessels that carries nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood to all body organs.
  15. 29. enlarged vessel that receives blood from the cardiac veins and empties into the right atrium.
  16. 32. the fluid between the cells
  17. 33. a vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
  18. 34. a vessel that directly connects the arteriole and venule of a capillary bed.
  19. 35. double-layered serous membrane deep to the fibrous pericardium; the layers secrete serous fluid to reduce friction as the heart beats.
  20. 38. the cardiac muscle layer of the heart wall.
  21. 39. a small vein.
  22. 46. the major systemic artery; arises from the left ventricle of the heart.