Unit 2 Biology

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Across
  1. 1. an anaerobic (oxygen-free) metabolic process where microorganisms, such as yeast and bacteria, convert carbohydrates like sugar or starch into alcohol, acids, or gases for energy
  2. 3. a molecule within cells that stores less energy than ATP, acting as a "charged" form for cellular processes
  3. 5. the initial metabolic process in cellular respiration where a glucose (sugar) molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a small amount of energy in the form of ATP and NADH
  4. 6. tiny, membrane-bound structures in a cell known as the "powerhouses of the cell" because they generate the energy needed for the cell to function and survive
  5. 11. layer of gases that surround the Earth
  6. 13. a nonmetallic chemical element (symbol C) that forms the fundamental backbone of all life on Earth
  7. 15. the solid, non-living part of Earth
  8. 17. where life exists on Earth
  9. 19. requires oxygen
  10. 20. the second stage of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide and energy (ATP and NADPH) are converted into sugars, like glucose
  11. 21. an organism that gets its food and energy by consuming other organisms
  12. 22. the process by which cells break down glucose and oxygen to release stored chemical energy
  13. 25. a series of chemical reactions in the cell's mitochondria that breaks down nutrients, producing energy in the form of ATP, electron-carrying molecules (NADH and FADH2), and carbon dioxide as a waste product
  14. 26. green pigment in plants
Down
  1. 2. an essential chemical element (symbol N) that forms a colorless, odorless gas making up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere and is a fundamental component of all living things, found in proteins, nucleic acids, and other biologically important compounds
  2. 3. an organism that makes its own food
  3. 4. the site of photosynthesis
  4. 7. without oxygen
  5. 8. the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food in the form of sugars (like glucose), releasing oxygen as a byproduct
  6. 9. an organism, like bacteria or fungi, that breaks down dead organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler substances
  7. 10. the first stage of photosynthesis where light energy is captured by pigments
  8. 12. any physical substance that has mass and takes up space (volume)
  9. 14. a molecule found in all living cells that serves as the primary "energy currency" for cellular activities
  10. 16. an organism, like bacteria or fungi, that breaks down dead organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, into simpler substances
  11. 18. a nonmetallic chemical element
  12. 21. all the water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth
  13. 23. a substance that participates in a chemical reaction and is transformed into other substances, called products
  14. 24. any substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction or natural process