Unit 2 Biopsychology Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 8. the formation of new neurons
  2. 9. neural system located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
  3. 13. an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements
  4. 14. the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
  5. 16. the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
  6. 17. chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
  7. 21. lobes in the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments
  8. 22. a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward
  9. 25. a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them
  10. 27. the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
  11. 30. the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
  12. 31. lobes in the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear
  13. 33. glands in the endocrine system that are the most influential; regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands
  14. 34. a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as a knee-jerk response
  15. 35. cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
  16. 36. system of the body that uses a speedy, electrochemical communication network consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
  17. 37. two lima bean–sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion
  18. 38. nervous system that uses the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs
  19. 39. electroencephalogram; an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface
  20. 40. tissue destruction
  21. 42. system of the body's “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  22. 44. a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
  23. 46. lobes in the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields
  24. 49. lobes in the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
  25. 50. the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
Down
  1. 1. nervous system that revolves around the brain and spinal cord
  2. 2. a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
  3. 3. a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons
  4. 4. magnetic resonance imaging; a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue
  5. 5. area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
  6. 6. a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
  7. 7. a neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron
  8. 10. glands in the endocrine system that sit t just above the kidneys and secrete hormones(epinephrine and norepinephrine)that help arouse the body in times of stress
  9. 11. natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
  10. 12. type of neuron that carries incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord
  11. 15. chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues
  12. 18. the brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
  13. 19. the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
  14. 20. the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
  15. 23. nervous system that uses sensory and motor neurons to connect the the central nervous system to the rest of the body
  16. 24. the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
  17. 26. positron emission tomography scan; a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
  18. 28. the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull
  19. 29. bundled axons that form neural “cables” connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs.
  20. 32. branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
  21. 38. the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands
  22. 41. nervous system that divides the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles
  23. 43. type of neuron that carries outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
  24. 45. the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
  25. 47. the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center
  26. 48. neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicates internally and intervenes between sensory inputs and motor outputs