Unit 2 - Cells

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Across
  1. 2. An organelle not found in animals that is responsible for photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll
  2. 5. A type of diffusion where large or polar molecules pass through a protein channel.
  3. 8. Chromosomes with corresponding chromatids
  4. 11. This is formed when a male's gametes and female's gametes are fertilized.
  5. 12. the process of releasing ATP energy by breaking down glucose
  6. 13. The first step of mitosis and meiosis where the DNA is formed into chromosomes
  7. 15. The events that occur when cells grow and divide.
  8. 20. the second stage of aerobic cellular respiration where pyruvate is turned into CO2, NADH, ATP, FADH2.
  9. 21. The outermost layer of a non-animal cell that supports and protects the cell.
  10. 22. An enzyme that adds complimentary bases onto the template strand during DNA replication
  11. 24. The ____ theory states that all eukaryotic cells came from preexisting prokaryotic cells.
  12. 26. an organelle that gets rid of waste by breaking down macromolecules and organelles so they can be reused.
  13. 30. the movement of substances that uses no energy and goes from high to low concentration.
  14. 32. Contains single sets of chromosomes, the product of meiosis (ex: sperm)
  15. 33. Contains pairs of chromosomes, the start of meiosis (ex: blood)
  16. 36. Protein family that helps control the cell cycle in eukaryotes
  17. 37. The second stage in interphase where DNA is replicated in a cell
  18. 38. After mitosis or meiosis, the cell with two nuclei splits into two daughter cells
  19. 40. Is the site of protein synthesis and is made of ribosomal DNA.
  20. 42. an organelle that helps with intracellular transport by packaging proteins in a vesicle.
  21. 43. An organelle that stores DNA in eukaryotes and is considered the most important part of eukaryotic cells.
  22. 46. The jelly-like substance within a cell that contains all of the organelles.
  23. 47. an organelle that makes and transports lipids, phospholipids, and steroids
  24. 49. Material is released from the cell by the fusing of its membrane.
  25. 51. The barrier of ALL cells that controls all movement in and out of a cell.
  26. 52. the main component of the plasma membrane. It has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
  27. 54. A type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen
  28. 55. A type of prokaryote that does not contain peptidoglycan and live in harsh environments.
  29. 56. A type of prokaryote that contain peptidoglycan and live almost everywhere.
  30. 57. the third step of aerobic cellular respiration that consists of a series of electron carrier proteins.
  31. 58. An organelle that is a network of protein filaments that helps with support and movements.
Down
  1. 1. A type of passive transport when substances move through the lipid layer.
  2. 2. all living organisms are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, all cells come from preexisting cells, DNA contains hereditary information that is passed on through cell division, all cells have the same chemical composition and metabolic activities, and energy flow occurs within cells.
  3. 3. The first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
  4. 4. an organelle that is in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and stores water, waste, biomolecules, etc.)
  5. 6. When two prokaryotic cells exchange genes by moving them through a bridge.
  6. 7. The fourth step of mitosis and meiosis where spindle fibers are removed and nuclei form around the sets of DNA.
  7. 9. The fragments of bases on a lagging strand where there are gaps
  8. 10. The second step of mitosis and meiosis where the chromosomes are lined up and spindle fibers are attached to them
  9. 14. Material is taken into the cell by the unfolding of its membrane
  10. 16. A more complex, unicellular or multicellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles and DNA in its nucleus.
  11. 17. the movement of substances that uses energy and goes from low to high concentration
  12. 18. A type of prokaryotic reproduction where a cell replicates its DNA and divides into identical daughter cells.
  13. 19. A type of eukaryotic cell division where 4 haploid gametes are produced.
  14. 23. The third step of mitosis and meiosis where the spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart
  15. 25. A basic, unicellular organism that does not have membrane-bound organelles.
  16. 27. an organelle that aids in the production of ribosomes and other proteins
  17. 28. Cells that have a specified function in the body
  18. 29. An organelle involved in cellular respiration by breaking down glucose into ATP
  19. 31. A section of DNA found at the ends of chromosomes
  20. 34. The diffusion of water through the membrane
  21. 35. An enzyme that unwinds and splits DNA fro DNA replication
  22. 39. the difference in the amount of substance in an area.
  23. 41. A type of Cellular respiration that requires oxygen
  24. 44. The dividing of eukaryotic cells after DNA replication has occurred.
  25. 45. Cells that turn into blood,brain, bone, and organ cells.
  26. 48. A type of anaerobic respiration that does not produce ATP, but regenerates NAD+
  27. 50. The longest period of the cell cycle between cell division
  28. 53. Reproductive cells that are egg cells in females and sperm in males.